ArticleAdvanced healthcare materials2025
Direct Surface Modification of the Epidermis Using Mussel-Inspired Polydopamine with Multiple Anti-Biofouling Functions.
Article in Advanced healthcare materials, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
4 citing papers in PubMed.
- Polydopamine-Cu(II) Ions Functional Coatings on Zinc Wire: Surface Characterization and Degradation Behavior.ACS materials Au · 2026Article
- Radiation-Based 3D Dual-Mode Thermal Management Devices: Advances in Active/Passive Switching for Energy-Saving Applications.Small (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany) · 2026Review
- Mussel-Inspired Adhesive Layer Supporting ZnO Nanorod Arrays Combined with Thiol-Ene Click Reaction for Constructing Multi-Level Carbon Fiber/Norbornene-Polyimide Interfaces.Materials (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Direct Surface Modification of the Epidermis Using Mussel-Inspired Polydopamine with Multiple Anti-Biofouling Functions.Advanced healthcare materials · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
15 authors.
Funding
Abstract
The surface properties of the epidermis are crucial in pathogen adhesion and proliferation. Moreover, damage to the epidermis caused by various physical and chemical attacks provides a favorable environment for pathogen penetration and proliferation through the exposed internal living tissue. Surface modification of the epidermis to impart anti-biofouling properties can provide effective protection against infections. In this study, a facile method of imparting multiple anti-biofouling functions by directly modifying the epidermal surface of an organism using dopamine, which is a mussel-inspired substance, is introduced. Biocompatible polydopamine (PDA) is uniformly applied to organic surfaces with diverse morphological features and surface energies, indicating its versatility. In addition, the reliability of epidermal modification with PDA is confirmed via the PDA-induced prevention of chronic changes in the impedance of the epidermis. Critically, the PDA-modified epidermis exhibited various anti-biofouling functions, including antibacterial and anti-adsorption properties against bacteria and cellular/noncellular microorganisms, respectively. Improved antibacterial properties are successfully realized via integration with tobramycin, which is a representative antibiotic. Direct surface modification using PDA offers an innovative approach to safeguard biological surfaces, particularly the human epidermis, against various pathogens, with potential for application in medical patches and skin-attached devices.
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Registered trials
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