Synthetic Chromatophores for Color and Pattern Morphing Skins.

Brennan P Watts, Matthew R Jamison, John M Kapitan, Nengjian Huang, Delroy Taylor, Stephen A Morin

Abstract read

In one paragraph

Article in Advanced materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.), 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it

0cells of the map it votes in

1citing papers in PubMed

–field-weighted citation impact

1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

Synthetic Chromatophores for Color and Pattern Morphing Skins.Advanced materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.) · 2025
Article

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors.

Brennan P WattsDepartment of Chemistry, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, 68588, USA.

Matthew R JamisonDepartment of Chemistry, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, 68588, USA.

John M KapitanDepartment of Chemistry, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, 68588, USA.

Nengjian HuangDepartment of Chemistry, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, 68588, USA.

Delroy TaylorDepartment of Chemistry, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, 68588, USA.

Stephen A MorinDepartment of Chemistry, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, 68588, USA.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8652-0511

Funding

Targeted mass spectrometry approaches to understand CART processing and recepter interactionsP20GM113126 · NIGMS · UNIVERSITY OF NEBRASKA LINCOLN · PI RAZAVI RIZI, MOHAMMAD · 2016 to 2025

$20.8M

Army Research Office W911NF-22-1-0262Nebraska Center for Integrated Biomolecular Communication P20GM113126NIGMS NIH HHS P20 GM113126

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

The dynamic optical and mechanical properties of cephalopod skin cannot be mimicked using traditional display technologies. Soft materials (and systems thereof) have the potential to realize cephalopod-like color switching capabilities synthetically. This report describes the fabrication of stretchable arrays of microstructured, stimuli-responsive hydrogels, "synthetic chromatophores," that emulate the mechano-dynamic action of color change found in cephalopods. By combining multiple layers of these synthetic chromatophores, soft skins with color and pattern morphing capabilities that leverage halftone absorption, optical interference, and microlensing are demonstrated. These skins, made entirely of soft materials, are inherently stretchable and can be programmed to respond to specific environmental stimuli, making them well-suited for applications in soft robotics and human-machine interfaces.

Indexed as

chromatophoreshalftoneshydrogelsmicroactuationmicrolensmoire interference

Identifiers

PMID40411838

DOI10.1002/adma.202505104

PMCPMC12411995

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata

LicenceCC BY-NC-ND

Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.