ArticleNicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco2026
Consistency of Biomarkers of Exposure in the Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health Study from Samples Taken 3 to 5 Years Apart.
Article in Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
introductionUrinary biomarkers are useful in characterizing exposure to harmful and potentially harmful constituents of tobacco products and linking exposure to health outcomes. However, the consistency/reproducibility of many urinary biomarkers over long periods is unknown.
methodsAmong people who exclusively used cigarettes in the Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health Study Waves 1, 2, 4, and 5 (ranging from 746 to 1361 subjects), we used weighted models to estimate variance components and intra-class correlation coefficients (ICC) for 15 biomarkers of exposure for urine samples collected 3-5 years apart, creatinine-only-adjusted and also adjusted for demographic and behavioral predictors.
resultsIn models adjusted only for creatinine, ICC values of biomarkers ranged from 0.41 (95% confidence interval (CI): 0.32, 0.49) (N-acetyl-S-(2-carbamoylethyl)-L-cysteine) to 0.73 (95% CI: 0.65, 0.81) (4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanol), varying within each chemical class. For models adjusted for predictors, associations between biomarkers and predictors were similar for samples collected 3-5 years and 1 year apart. Predictor-adjusted ICCs for samples collected 3-5 years apart ranged from 0.29 (95% CI: 0.17, 0.40) (N-Acetyl-S-(2-carbamoylethyl)-L-cysteine) to 0.63 (95% CI: 0.56, 0.69) (N-Acetyl-S-(2-hydroxyethyl)-L-cysteine) and appeared not different from those for samples collected 1 year apart.
conclusionsEven for 3 or 5 years between urine sample collection, unadjusted biomarkers of exposure showed fair to excellent reproducibility. Similar consistency between 1 year and 3-5 years between collections was found when including predictors in the model.
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