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ArticleMolecular biology reports2025

Integrative morphometric and phylogenetic insights into Eastern Ghats channids (Teleostei: Channidae) unveil the transboundary dispersal of the Dwarf Snakehead (Channa kelaartii) across India and Sri Lanka.

Boni Amin Laskar, Harikumar Adimalla, Dhriti Banerjee, Se Hyun Song, Hye-Eun Kang, Hyun-Woo Kim, Shantanu Kundu

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Article in Molecular biology reports, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

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7 authors.

Boni Amin LaskarHigh Altitude Regional Centre, Zoological Survey of India, Solan, 173211, Himachal Pradesh, India.
Harikumar Adimalla, House No. 2-60, Village Turkapalle, Nalgonda, 508266, Telangana, India.
Dhriti BanerjeeHigh Altitude Regional Centre, Zoological Survey of India, Solan, 173211, Himachal Pradesh, India.
Se Hyun SongFisheries Resources Management Division, National Institute of Fisheries Science, Busan, 46083, Republic of Korea.
Hye-Eun KangInstitute of Marine Life Science, Pukyong National University, Busan, 48513, Republic of Korea.
Hyun-Woo KimDepartment of Marine Biology, Pukyong National University, Busan, 48513, Republic of Korea. kimhw@pknu.ac.kr.
Shantanu KunduCollege of Fisheries Science, Ocean and Fisheries Development International Cooperation Institute, Pukyong National University, Busan, 48513, Republic of Korea. shantanu1984@pknu.ac.kr.

Funding

Pukyong National University, South Korea This work was supported by a Research Grant of Pukyong National University (2024)
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundThe biogeography of Eastern Ghats channids, including the Dwarf Snakehead Channa kelaartii, poses a complex challenge, especially with recent evidence confirming its presence in both India and Sri Lanka. While the Sri Lankan population is well- documented through integrative approach, the Indian population remains unexplored, requiring further research to elucidate its genetic structure and phylogenetic relationships.

methodsThis study examines the morphology and mtCOI-based genetic diversity of 10 channid species, including seven from the Gachua complex. An integrative approach is also applied to assess population-level variation in C. kelaartii, aiming to clarify its genetic diversity with geographically isolated Sri Lankan populations.

resultsMorphological analysis distinctly identified all Channa species and indicated a close resemblance between Indian and Sri Lankan C. kelaartii populations. Genetic analysis revealed considerable divergence between C. kelaartii and other members of the Gachua group, ranging from 6.15 to 21.31%. Bayesian phylogenetic reconstruction robustly resolved all species, including C. kelaartii. Combined mitochondrial data from India and Sri Lanka revealed 13 haplotypes, with mean intra-regional genetic distances of 0.5% (Sri Lanka) and 0.7% (India), and maximum divergences of 1.24% and 2.29%, respectively. A haplotype from the Western Ghats exhibited only 0.17% divergence from Sri Lankan populations, indicating potential historical gene flow between the two regions.

conclusionsOverall, this study provides a comprehensive assessment of Channa diversity in the Eastern Ghats and confirms the presence of C. kelaartii in both peninsular India and Sri Lanka, likely shaped by historical land connections and freshwater dispersal across the Palk Isthmus during the Plio-Pleistocene.

Indexed as

FishesAnimalsBayes TheoremDNA, MitochondrialGenetics, PopulationGenetic VariationHaplotypesIndiaPhylogenyPhylogeographySri LankaDNA, MitochondrialDNA barcodingFreshwater fishesLineage diversificationPeninsular IndiaPhylogeny

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