ArticleJournal of the American Chemical Society2025
Spontaneous Fission of Charged Water Nanodrops: Unveiling the Stochastic Nature of Fission Pathways and Dynamics.
Article in Journal of the American Chemical Society, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 5 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
5 citing papers in PubMed.
- Contact Electrification of Individual Water Microdroplets Inside Mass Spectrometers Leads to Extensive Oxidation or Reduction Irrespective of Initial Droplet Charge or Polarity.ACS central science · 2026Article
- Asymmetry in Droplet Charge and HJACS Au · 2026Article
- Accurate Sizing and Resolution of Nominal 200 nm Diameter Polystyrene Nanospheres With Charge Detection Mass Spectrometry.Small (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany) · 2026Article
- Atmospheric Sampling Mass Spectrometers Activate and Ionize Neutral Water Microdroplets to MeV Energies and up to 200,000+ Charges: Implications for Water Stability and Unusual Chemistry in Microdroplets.ACS central science · 2025Article
- An Alternative Explanation for Ions Put Forth as Evidence for Abundant Hydroxyl Radicals Formed Due to the Intrinsic Electric Field at the Surface of Water Droplets.Analytical chemistry · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Fission of highly charged micrometer-sized and larger droplets has been investigated using optical methods, but until recently, direct measurements of spontaneous fission of submicrometer droplets have not been possible. Charge detection mass spectrometry is used to track the mass, charge, and energy per charge of aqueous nanodrops that undergo evaporative water loss while they are trapped for up to 4 s. 154 of the 846 trapped nanodrops (18.2%) with charges ranging from 44 to 158% of the Rayleigh limit underwent fission. Although these spontaneous fission processes are highly heterogeneous, four distinct fission pathways that occur over times ranging from a few ms to 100s of ms with ejection of just a few to hundreds of progeny droplets were identified. One is a "continuous" pathway in which many small progeny droplets with progressively less charge are sequentially emitted over the course of ∼25 to 150 ms. Prompt and sequential prompt pathways in which one or a limited number of progeny droplets carry away a significant fraction of the precursor charge are the most common. "Prefission" events in which emission of just a few charges prior to a larger prompt fission event occur for some nanodrops charged above the Rayleigh limit, and these events appear to have similarities to "foreshocks" that often occur shortly prior to major earthquakes.
Identifiers
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.