ArticleEpilepsia2025
Serial correlation between saliva and blood beta-hydroxybutyrate levels in children commencing the ketogenic diet for epilepsy.
Article in Epilepsia, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT07495267 (Nutritional Ketosis as a Novel Therapeutic Strategy to Stabilize Chronic Aortic Dissection in Marfan Syndrome), which is not on this map. Cited by 5 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Nutritional Ketosis as a Novel Therapeutic Strategy to Stabilize Chronic Aortic Dissection in Marfan Syndrome
Who cites it
5 citing papers in PubMed.
- A randomized controlled trial of a multimodality digital health intervention to aid the delivery of the modified ketogenic diet therapy for epilepsy: The Keto eCoach trial protocol.Epilepsia open · 2026Article
- Ketogenic diet therapy for epilepsy in Australia: insights from the Pharmaceutical Benefits Scheme.Internal medicine journal · 2026Article
- Review
- Screening of Salivary Biomarkers of Bisphosphonate-Related Osteonecrosis of the Jaw in a Diabetic Rat Model.Current issues in molecular biology · 2025Article
- Serial correlation between saliva and blood beta-hydroxybutyrate levels in children commencing the ketogenic diet for epilepsy.Epilepsia · 2025Article
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Authors and funding
11 authors.
Funding
Abstract
objectivesAccurate and user-friendly methods to measure beta-hydroxybutyrate (BHB) concentration are needed to guide the optimal use of ketogenic diet therapy (KDT). We aimed to determine the correlation between serum, capillary, and salivary BHB concentration, and to validate an electrochemical salivary BHB point-of-care test (POCT) in children commencing KDT for drug-resistant epilepsy.
methodsThis was a single center, prospective cohort study. Children <18 years with drug-resistant epilepsy electively admitted to Shenzhen Children's Hospital to initiate KDT between January 1, 2020 and June 30, 2021, were included. Over the 7-day admission, we collected paired saliva and capillary blood samples twice a day and serum blood samples on the first and last days of admission from each participant. Salivary BHB was measured using liquid chromatography mass spectrometry (LCMS) and the POCT. Primary outcome was the correlation between serum and salivary BHB concentration measured using LCMS. Secondary outcomes were the correlation between both the capillary blood and salivary BHB concentration, measured by LCMS, and the POCT device.
resultsSeventy-one serum and 334 capillary blood paired with salivary samples were collected from 42 children (median age 4.5 years, interquartile range 1 to 8 years, 45% female). Salivary BHB measured using LCMS strongly correlated with serum BHB (Spearman's ρ = 0.910) and capillary blood BHB concentrations (Spearman's ρ = 0.865). Salivary BHB concentration was 6% and 7% of serum and capillary blood BHB concentration, respectively. The POCT demonstrated excellent test-retest reliability when compared with LCMS (ICC(A,k) = 0.983, 95% confidence interval: 0.980-0.986). Salivary BHB concentration measured by the POCT showed good accuracy in predicting the capillary blood BHB concentration within the therapeutic range of 2-5 mM. SIGNIFICANCE: Salivary BHB concentration strongly correlates with both serum and capillary blood BHB concentration. The POCT accurately measures salivary BHB concentration and provides a simple, user-friendly method to guide the use of KDT for children with drug-resistant epilepsy.
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