ArticleNeuro-oncology2025
Transient mRNA CAR T cells targeting GD2 provide dose-adjusted efficacy against diffuse midline glioma and high-grade glioma models.
Article in Neuro-oncology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 15 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
15 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Locoregional and systemic adoptive cellular therapies for pediatric brain tumors: a systematic review of CAR‑T, TCR‑engineered T cells, and NK cell strategies.Neurosurgical review · 2026Pooled it
- mRNA CAR T cells promote tolerable, tunable therapy in preclinical high grade glioma models.Molecular therapy. Oncology · 2026Article
- Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-T cell therapy for solid tumors in pediatric patients: current breakthroughs, dilemmas, and strategies.Experimental hematology & oncology · 2026Review
- Immunotherapy for Diffuse Midline Glioma: From Preclinical Modeling to Clinical Translation.Cancers · 2026Review
- In Vivo CAR-Based Immune Cell Engineering: Future Applications and Challenges in Malignant Glioma.Cancers · 2026Review
- Preclinical efficacy of combinatorial B7-H3 CAR T cells and ONC206 against diffuse intrinsic pontine glioma.Neuro-oncology · 2026Article
- A bibliometric analysis of progress and trends in pediatric glioma research.Discover oncology · 2026Article
- From Molecular Alterations to the Targeted Therapy: Treatment of Thalamic Glioma in Pediatric Patients.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Modeling gliomas with organoids: reconstructing the human neural microenvironment for translational neuro-oncology.Frontiers in oncology · 2026Review
- Engineering CAR-T cells for solid tumors: overcoming antigenic, trafficking, and microenvironmental barriers.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Current Status and Evolution of Immunotherapy in Glioma Management.International journal of medical sciences · 2026Review
- Recurrent Limitations of CAR-T Therapy in Gliomas: Evidence from Preclinical and Phase I Clinical Studies.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Claudin 6 is a suitable target for CAR T-cell therapy in atypical teratoid/rhabdoid brain tumors and other pediatric solid tumors.Journal for immunotherapy of cancer · 2025Article
- A Tonic Signaling Code Predicts CAR-T Cell Efficacy in Diffuse Midline Glioma.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025Article
- Preclinical efficacy of combinatorial B7-H3 CAR T cells and ONC206 against diffuse intrinsic pontine glioma.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
19 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundDiffuse midline glioma (DMG) and high-grade glioma are devastating pediatric central nervous system tumors that remain incurable. Recent chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cell studies have shown proof of concept and early signs of efficacy against DMG targeting GD2. Prior work and ongoing clinical trials have focused on using viral vectors to create permanent CAR T cells. However, virally transduced GD2-directed CAR T cells have shown significant neurotoxicity in both preclinical models and human trials.
methodsWe evaluated transient CAR T cells targeting GD2 created with mRNA, assessing for efficacy and safety in cell line, organoid, and in vivo xenograft models with repetitive intratumoral dosing.
resultsWe show that mRNA GD2-directed CAR T cells are active against both cell lines and organoid models of DMG and high-grade glioma in vitro. Cytotoxicity consistently abates over 9 days, highlighting the potential to avoid toxicity from persistent T cell activity. In both pontine and thalamic DMG xenograft models, repeated doses of mRNA GD2-directed CAR T cells were titrated down to maintain therapeutic effects without causing neurologic toxicity.
conclusionsOur results demonstrate the utility of transient mRNA CAR T cells delivered intratumorally to provide effective tumor killing with a defined half-life, allowing for modulation of the dose and potential side effects. We anticipate this study will expand the use of CAR T cell therapy for DMG and other central nervous system tumors and non-malignant disorders, where concern for toxicity from permanently expressing CAR T cells may hinder development.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.