ArticleBMC psychiatry2025
Cognitive and affective theory-of-mind impairment in people with early-stage bipolar disorder.
Article in BMC psychiatry, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
2 citing papers in PubMed.
- Associations of TNF-α, MIF, and cortisol with cognitive function in patients with bipolar disorder during acute manic episodes: a short-term follow-up study.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2026Article
- Clozapine Drug-Drug Interactions and Individualized Dosing in Bipolar Disorder: A Model-Informed Precision Dosing Approach.Drug design, development and therapy · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundLiterature suggests impaired theory-of-mind (ToM) in people with bipolar-disorder (BD). However, prior research primarily examined patients at chronic stage (stage 3c-4) and was constrained by clinical heterogeneity. Deficits in ToM modalities remain to be clarified. We aimed to assess cognitive and affective ToM performance in euthymic people with early-stage BD.
methodsCognitive and affective ToM were examined in 41 euthymic early-stage (stage 2-3b) BD patients aged 16 - 40 years who were treated within three-years from first-episode mania and 40 demographically-matched healthy controls, using Faux-pas task (FPT) and Reading the Mind in the Eyes test (RMET). Relationships of ToM performance with symptom severity, cognitive functions, history of psychosis and depressive episode were assessed.
resultsParticipants displayed significantly lower scores than controls in both cognitive and affective ToM components in FPT. The two groups showed comparable performance in RMET. No significant correlations were observed between ToM measures and variables of symptom dimensions, cognitive functions and treatment variables in BD patients. Additional analyses revealed no significant differences in ToM performance in FPT and RMET between BD patients with versus without a history of psychosis, and between BD patients with versus without a history of depressive episode.
conclusionThis study extends previous findings of ToM deficits in later-stage BD to euthymic people with early-stage BD who exhibit cognitive and affect ToM impairment. Further research is needed to clarify potential differential trajectories of cognitive and affective ToM deficits and their relationships with psychosis, polarity of mood episodes, and functional outcomes in early-stage BD.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.