Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40409137›Full record

ArticleThe International journal on drug policy2025

The economic factors that determine smoking abstinence: a survival and mediation analysis.

Yanyun He, Geoffrey T Fong, K Michael Cummings, Andrew Hyland, Roberta Freitas-Lemos, Ce Shang

Abstract read
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In one paragraph

Article in The International journal on drug policy, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors.

Yanyun HeCenter for Tobacco Research, The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, 3650 Olentangy River Rd, Columbus, OH 43017, USA. Electronic address: Yanyun.He@osumc.edu.
Geoffrey T FongDepartment of Psychology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada; School of Public Health Sciences, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada; Ontario Institute for Cancer Research, Toronto, ON, Canada.
K Michael CummingsDepartment of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA.
Andrew HylandDepartment of Health Behaviors, Division of Cancer Prevention and Population Sciences, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, USA.
Roberta Freitas-LemosFralin Biomedical Research Institute at Virginia Tech Carilion, Roanoke, VA, USA; Department of Psychology, College of Science, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA.
Ce ShangCenter for Tobacco Research, The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, 3650 Olentangy River Rd, Columbus, OH 43017, USA; Department of Internal Medicine, Medical Oncology Division, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA.

Funding

Vaporized Nicotine Product Initiation Among Youth in the US, Canada, and England: Methods to Predict Uptake and Policy EfficacyP01CA200512 · NCI · MEDICAL UNIVERSITY OF SOUTH CAROLINA · PI LEVY, DAVID THEODORE · 2016 to 2025
$25.3M
Development of an Integrated Framework of Abuse Liability and Toxicity Across Tobacco and Nicotine ProductsK01CA279490 · NCI · VIRGINIA POLYTECHNIC INST AND ST UNIV · PI Roberta Freitas-Lemos · 2023 to 2026
$620k
The impact of ENDS tax policies on the consumption of ENDS and cigarettesR21CA249757 · NCI · OHIO STATE UNIVERSITY · PI SHANG, CE · 2021 to 2021
$401k
NCI NIH HHS K01 CA279490NCI NIH HHS P01 CA200512NCI NIH HHS R21 CA249757
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundHigher taxes stimulate quit attempts and higher rates of smoking abstinence. Additionally, taxes on tobacco cigarettes and e-cigarettes (ECs) may influence consumers' perceptions of the relative costs of these products. Understanding the relationship between cigarette and EC taxes, cost perceptions, and smoking abstinence is therefore crucial.

methodsThis study utilized longitudinal data from the US arm of the 2016-2020 International Tobacco Control Four Country Smoking and Vaping (ITC 4CV) Surveys and implemented a survival analysis to explore the impact of cigarette and EC taxes on smoking abstinence. A mediation analysis was also performed to test whether the effects of taxes are influenced by individuals' perceptions about the relative cost differences between ECs and cigarettes.

resultsA 10 % increase in cigarette taxes was associated with an 11.1 % increase in smoking abstinence. EC taxes were not associated with smoking abstinence among the overall sample. However, higher EC taxes were associated with greater odds of smoking abstinence among individuals over 40 and lower odds of smoking abstinence among individuals under 40. Relative cost perception did not mediate the effect of taxes on smoking abstinence. Additionally, the odds of quitting were higher among individuals in the high-income group and those who used ECs daily, and lower among individuals in older age groups.

conclusionsCigarette taxes have a direct impact on smoking abstinence, independent of cost perceptions. To enhance cessation rates, policymakers should implement targeted strategies such as increasing access to cessation programs, providing financial incentives for quitting, and tailoring tax policies to better support older individuals and those with lower incomes.

Indexed as

Smoking CessationTaxesTobacco ProductsAdolescentAdultElectronic Nicotine Delivery SystemsFemaleHumansLongitudinal StudiesMaleMediation AnalysisMiddle AgedSmokingSurvival AnalysisUnited StatesVapingCigaretteE-cigaretteRelative cost perceptionTaxes

Identifiers

PMID40409137
PMCPMC12167668

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.