Trial reportJournal of medical Internet research2025
Effectiveness of Neurofeedback-Assisted and Conventional 6-Week Web-Based Mindfulness Interventions on Mental Health of Chinese Nursing Students: Randomized Controlled Trial.
Trial report in Journal of medical Internet research, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. Cited by 5 papers.
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Who cites it
5 citing papers in PubMed.
- Efficacy of neurofeedback-assisted mindfulness for anxiety and nomophobia in Spanish young adults: a randomized controlled trial.Frontiers in public health · 2025Trial
- Mindfulness Development via Biofeedback for Anxiety in Hospitalized Patients: A Randomized Controlled Trial.Brain sciences · 2026Article
- Haptic Meditation Enhancement Device (HMED): An Arduino-Based Multi-Sensor Real-Time Monitoring and Intervention Support System.Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Article
- Mediating Role of Mindfulness and Self-Regulation in the Relationship between Perceived Stress and Subjective Well-Being among University Students.Iranian journal of psychiatry · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
- Erratum issued
Authors and funding
14 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundNursing students experience disproportionately high rates of mental health challenges, underscoring the urgent need for innovative, scalable interventions. Web-based mindfulness programs, and more recently, neurofeedback-enhanced approaches, present potentially promising avenues for addressing this critical issue.
objectiveThis study aimed to explore the effectiveness of the neurofeedback-assisted online mindfulness intervention (NAOM) and the conventional online mindfulness intervention (COM) in reducing mental health symptoms among Chinese nursing students.
methodsA 3-armed randomized controlled trial was conducted among 147 nursing students in Beijing, China, using a 6-week web-based mindfulness program. Participants received NAOM, COM, or general mental health education across 6 weeks. Electroencephalogram and validated tools such as the Patient Health Questionnaire and the Generalized Anxiety Disorder Questionnaire were used to primarily assess symptoms of depression and anxiety at baseline, immediately after the intervention, and at 1 and 3 months after the intervention. Generalized estimating equations were used to evaluate the effects of intervention and time.
resultsA total of 155 participants enrolled in the study, and 147 finished all assessments. Significant reductions in the symptoms of depression, anxiety, and fatigue were observed in the NAOM (mean difference [MD]=-3.330, Cohen d=0.926, P<.001; MD=-3.468, Cohen d=1.091, P<.001; MD=-2.620, Cohen d=0.743, P<.001, respectively) and the COM (MD=-1.875, Cohen d=0.490, P=.03; MD=-1.750, Cohen d=0.486, P=.02; MD=-2.229, Cohen d=0.629, P=.01, respectively) groups compared with the control group at postintervention assessment. Moreover, the NAOM group showed significantly better effects than the COM group in alleviating depressive symptoms (MD=-1.455; Cohen d=0.492; P=.04) and anxiety symptoms (MD=-1.718; Cohen d=0.670; P=.04) and improving the level of mindfulness (MD=-3.765; Cohen d=1.245; P<.001) at the postintervention assessment. However, no significant difference except for the anxiety symptoms was observed across the 3 groups at the 1- and 3-month follow-ups.
conclusionsThis 6-week web-based mindfulness intervention, both conventional and neurofeedback-assisted, effectively alleviated mental health problems in the short term among nursing students. The addition of neurofeedback demonstrated greater short-term benefits; however, but these effects were not sustained over the long term. Future research should focus on long-term interventions using a more robust methodological approach.
trial registrationChinese Clinical Trial Registry (ChiCTR) ChiCTR2400080314; https://www.chictr.org.cn/bin/project/edit?pid=211845.
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