ArticleArchives of toxicology2025
Tail-less precursors in synthetic cannabinoid production: investigating a clandestine laboratory, seized samples, and CB
Article in Archives of toxicology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 5 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
5 citing papers in PubMed.
- Physicochemical Characterization and Metabolites Identification of the Synthetic Cannabinoid MDMB-5'Br-PINACA UsingChemical research in toxicology · 2026Article
- Identification and Structural Elucidation of a New Synthetic Cannabinoid, MDMB-5'Br-PINACA, in Seized Herbal Materials.Drug testing and analysis · 2026Article
- Recent Contributions of Organic Synthesis to Forensic Science.ChemPlusChem · 2026Review
- Synthetic cannabinoids in human post-mortem samples - ADB-BUTINACA and metabolites in three fatalities.Frontiers in toxicology · 2026Article
- Outsmarting generic legislation: 4 years into the cat-and-mouse game of the synthetic cannabinoid receptor agonist market since the Chinese ban in 2021.Archives of toxicology · 2025Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
13 authors.
Funding
Abstract
An emerging new trend reveals that potent synthetic cannabinoid receptor agonists (SCRAs) that were prevalent prior to the Chinese class-wide ban in July 2021 have remained on the market or re-emerged. This is likely because of a new production route where unscheduled tail-less precursors are converted into the desired controlled SCRA via a one-step synthesis. This study reports the discovery of a clandestine production site in Switzerland for this synthesis. Controlled recreations of the synthesis of ADB-BUTINACA (also known as ADB-BINACA or ADMB-BUTINACA) and MDMB-4en-PINACA based on a recipe recovered from the Swiss production site were undertaken. The recreations yielded oils or waxy products with chromatographic purities ranging from 39.3 to 93.4% with the precursors (ADB-INACA or MDMB-INACA) remaining in all products. Mixtures of a precursor (e.g., MDMB-INACA, ADB-INACA, AB-INACA, MDMB-ICA, ADB-IATA, MDMB-5'Me-INACA) with corresponding final SCRA(s) (e.g., MDMB-4en-PINACA, 4F-MDMB-BUTINACA, MDMB-BUTINACA, MDMB-FUBINACA, ADB-BUTINACA, ADB-4en-PINACA, AB-CHMINACA, 4F-MDMB-BUTICA, ADB-FUBIATA) were found in 28 forensic casework samples in the US received between February 2023 and February 2024 and 87 samples seized from the Scottish prisons between February 2023 and July 2024. In vitro CB
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.