Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40407694›Full record

ArticleAntibodies (Basel, Switzerland)2025

Neutralization of the Pandemic Influenza A/H1N1 Virus with

Zeila Yazmín Páez-Hernández, Jose Luis Stephano-Hornedo, Jose Alberto Bolaños-Prats, Iván Córdova-Guerrero, Mariana Macías-Alonso, Joaquín G Marrero, Angel Pulido Capiz, Victor García González

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Antibodies (Basel, Switzerland), 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors.

Zeila Yazmín Páez-HernándezFacultad de Ciencias Químicas e Ingeniería, Universidad Autónoma de Baja California, Calzada Universidad 14418, Parque Industrial Internacional Tijuana, Tijuana 22390, Baja California, Mexico.
Jose Luis Stephano-HornedoFacultad de Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma de Baja California, Carretera Transpeninsular Ensenada-Tijuana No. 3917, Colonia Playitas, Ensenada 22860, Baja California, Mexico.
Jose Alberto Bolaños-PratsFacultad de Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma de Baja California, Carretera Transpeninsular Ensenada-Tijuana No. 3917, Colonia Playitas, Ensenada 22860, Baja California, Mexico.ORCID 0000-0001-6169-9562
Iván Córdova-GuerreroFacultad de Ciencias Químicas e Ingeniería, Universidad Autónoma de Baja California, Calzada Universidad 14418, Parque Industrial Internacional Tijuana, Tijuana 22390, Baja California, Mexico.ORCID 0000-0002-5528-400X
Mariana Macías-AlonsoInstituto Politécnico Nacional, UPIIG, Av. Mineral de Valenciana, No. 200, Col. Fracc, Industrial Puerto Interior, Silao de la Victoria 36275, Guanajuato, Mexico.ORCID 0000-0002-6910-4583
Joaquín G MarreroInstituto Politécnico Nacional, UPIIG, Av. Mineral de Valenciana, No. 200, Col. Fracc, Industrial Puerto Interior, Silao de la Victoria 36275, Guanajuato, Mexico.ORCID 0000-0003-3720-4528
Angel Pulido CapizDepartamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Medicina Mexicali, Universidad Autónoma de Baja California, Mexicali 21000, Baja California, Mexico.ORCID 0000-0001-9650-2555
Victor García GonzálezDepartamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Medicina Mexicali, Universidad Autónoma de Baja California, Mexicali 21000, Baja California, Mexico.ORCID 0000-0002-9421-3730

Funding

CONACyT Fellowship No. 398663
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Background/Objetives: Nanobodies (VHH) have become an excellent tool for diagnosis, therapy, and research since VHH shows a high capability of recognizing and neutralizing antigens. VHHs are highly soluble and stable at high temperatures, and in the presence of chaotropic agents, they offer significant advantages over other biological therapeutic agents. This study aimed to identify and humanize VHH fragments with neutralizing potential against the influenza A/H1N1 virus.

methodsA library of VHH antibody fragments was produced by phage display technique against an inactivated influenza A/H1N1 vaccine. Three VHH sequences were selected and humanized. Specifically, the recognition capacity of the antibodies denominated 2-C10 and 2-C10H was confirmed by ELISA and western blot (WB), as well as their microneutralization capacity in a cellular model, suggesting their potential therapeutic use in patients infected with the influenza A/H1N1 virus. Molecular docking assays were used to support the mechanism of viral inhibition.

resultsThe VHHs 2-C10 and 2-C10H showed specific recognition of influenza A/H1N1 antigens by ELISA and Western Blot and demonstrated neutralizing activity in vitro. The optimal VHH, 2-C10H, showed 75% neutralization capacity at a concentration of 1.56 μg/mL against the A/H1N1 viral strain, potentially through the inactivation of hemagglutinin protein, a phenomenon supported by molecular docking assays.

conclusionsThis study presents a strategic approach to identify VHH candidates that may be useful for diagnosing and potentially treating patients already infected by the A/H1N1 virus, as it may reduce the severity of their symptoms.

Indexed as

A/H1N1influenzananobodyneutralizationphage displayVHH

Identifiers

PMID40407694
PMCPMC12101271

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.