ArticleEpidemiologia (Basel, Switzerland)2025
Epidemiological and Socioeconomic Disparities in the 1742-1743 Epidemic: A Comparative Analysis of Urban Centers and Indigenous Populations Along the Royal Road.
Article in Epidemiologia (Basel, Switzerland), 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
BACKGROUND/
objectivesEpidemics have historically shaped societies, influencing demographic structures, social organization, and economic stability. The 1742-1743 epidemic had a profound impact on populations along the Royal Road (Camino Real), the main colonial corridor between Buenos Aires and Lima. However, its specific demographic and socio-economic effects remain underexplored. This study aims to examine these impacts of the 1742-1743 epidemic through a comparative analysis of urban centers and Indigenous communities.
methodsA historical-comparative approach was employed, analyzing secondary sources including parish records and colonial administrative documents. This study assessed excess mortality and socio-economic consequences across different population groups and settlement types.
resultsMortality rates increased dramatically-up to twelve times the pre-epidemic average in Cordova (Córdoba) and by 45% in Santa Fe-disproportionately affecting Indigenous and enslaved populations. Urban centers experienced severe economic disruption and slow recovery, whereas Indigenous communities and Jesuit missions demonstrated greater resilience. Their communal strategies and early isolation measures contributed to a faster demographic stabilization. Additionally, the epidemic weakened colonial governance in some areas, altering local power structures.
conclusionsThe epidemic of 1742-1743 revealed divergent patterns of vulnerability and resilience. Comparative analysis underscores recurring themes in the epidemic response and recovery, drawing relevant parallels with contemporary crises such as COVID-19. Recognizing these historical patterns of adaptation can inform present and future public health strategies. The terminology "plague" is used based on contemporary sources and not confirmed clinically.
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