Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40407541›Full record

ArticleMedical sciences (Basel, Switzerland)2025

Trends in Heart Transplantation and Outcome Analysis: Nationwide Study Using the National Inpatient Sample and Readmission Database.

Vivek Joseph Varughese, Aditya Sunil Bhaskaran, Hadrian Hoang-Vu Tran, Nikita Wadhwani, Vignesh Krishnan Nagesh, Izage Kianifar Aguilar, Damien Islek, Simcha Weissman, Adam Atoot

Abstract read
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In one paragraph

Article in Medical sciences (Basel, Switzerland), 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
2citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

2 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Review
  2. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

9 authors.

Vivek Joseph VarugheseDepartment of Internal Medicine, University of South Carolina, Prisma Health, 2 Med Park, Richland, WA 29203, USA.
Aditya Sunil BhaskaranDepartment of Internal Medicine, Lincoln Medical Center, New York, NY 10451, USA.
Hadrian Hoang-Vu TranDepartment of Internal Medicine, Hackensack Palisades Medical Center, North Bergen, NJ 07047, USA.
Nikita WadhwaniDepartment of Internal Medicine, Hackensack Palisades Medical Center, North Bergen, NJ 07047, USA.
Vignesh Krishnan NageshDepartment of Internal Medicine, Hackensack Palisades Medical Center, North Bergen, NJ 07047, USA.
Izage Kianifar AguilarDepartment of Internal Medicine, Hackensack Palisades Medical Center, North Bergen, NJ 07047, USA.
Damien IslekDepartment of Internal Medicine, Hackensack Palisades Medical Center, North Bergen, NJ 07047, USA.
Simcha WeissmanDepartment of Internal Medicine, Hackensack Palisades Medical Center, North Bergen, NJ 07047, USA.
Adam AtootDepartment of Internal Medicine, Hackensack Palisades Medical Center, North Bergen, NJ 07047, USA.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundHeart transplantation (Htx) remains the definitive therapy for patients with end-stage heart failure. Despite advancements in mechanical circulatory support (MCS), immunosuppressive strategies, and organ allocation policies, donor availability remains a major limitation. This study analyzes the trends in Htx in the United States between 2016 and 2022, focusing on demographic shifts, mortality trends, and 30-day readmission patterns.

methodsWe utilized the National Inpatient Sample (NIS) from 2016 to 2022 and the National Readmissions Database (NRD) for 2021 to identify Htx admissions using ICD-10 PCS code O2YA0Z0. Patient characteristics, mortality rates, and readmission patterns were analyzed using ANOVA and multivariate logistic regression, with statistical significance defined as

resultsThe total number of Htx procedures increased from 641 in 2016 to 773 in 2022. The mean age of transplant recipients remained between 45 and 50 years, with no significant differences across years. Racial and socioeconomic disparities persisted, with approximately 60% of transplants occurring in White patients and 21-26% of recipients belonging to the lowest income quartile. All-cause in-hospital mortality remained stable at 4-7%. The 30-day readmission rate in 2021 was 57.7%, with heart failure, transplant rejection, and infections being the leading causes. Peripheral vascular disease (PVD) was the only comorbidity significantly associated with higher 30-day readmission risk (OR: 1.815, 95% CI: 1.477-2.230).

conclusionsHtx utilization has increased over time, driven by improvements in donor allocation and perioperative management. However, racial and socioeconomic disparities remain, and readmission rates continue to be high. Future efforts should focus on optimizing post-transplant care and addressing disparities to improve long-term outcomes.

Indexed as

Heart FailureHeart TransplantationPatient ReadmissionAdultAgedDatabases, FactualFemaleHospital MortalityHumansInpatientsMaleMiddle AgedOutcome Assessment, Health CareUnited StatesYoung Adultdonor availabilityECMOheart failureheart transplantationleft ventricular assist devicemechanical circulatory support

Identifiers

PMID40407541
PMCPMC12101210

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.