Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40407328›Full record

ArticlemBio2025

Programming virulent bacteriophages by developing a multiplex genome engineering method.

Hailin Zhang, Ru Zhu, Zhaofei Wang, Ruoting He, Yuran Zhang, Ji Luan, Yaxian Yan, Youming Zhang, Hailong Wang

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in mBio, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 8 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
8citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

8 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Review
  2. Review
  3. Review
  4. Article
  5. A fully synthetic Golden Gate assembly system for engineering aProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2026
    Article
  6. Review
  7. Review
  8. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

9 authors.

Hailin ZhangState Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Institute of Microbial Technology, Helmholtz International Lab for Anti-infectives, Shandong University-Helmholtz Institute of Biotechnology, Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong, China.ORCID 0009-0003-2459-021X
Ru ZhuState Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Institute of Microbial Technology, Helmholtz International Lab for Anti-infectives, Shandong University-Helmholtz Institute of Biotechnology, Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong, China.
Zhaofei WangSchool of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Shanghai, China.
Ruoting HeState Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Institute of Microbial Technology, Helmholtz International Lab for Anti-infectives, Shandong University-Helmholtz Institute of Biotechnology, Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong, China.
Yuran ZhangSchool of Life Sciences, Jining Medical University, Rizhao, Shandong, China.
Ji LuanState Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Institute of Microbial Technology, Helmholtz International Lab for Anti-infectives, Shandong University-Helmholtz Institute of Biotechnology, Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong, China.
Yaxian YanSchool of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Shanghai, China.
Youming ZhangState Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Institute of Microbial Technology, Helmholtz International Lab for Anti-infectives, Shandong University-Helmholtz Institute of Biotechnology, Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong, China.
Hailong WangState Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Institute of Microbial Technology, Helmholtz International Lab for Anti-infectives, Shandong University-Helmholtz Institute of Biotechnology, Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong, China.ORCID 0000-0001-9874-5892

Funding

National Key Research and Development Program of China 2019YFA0904000Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province ZR2022JQ11, ZR2019ZD22Qingdao Key Technology Research and Industrialization Demonstration Project 22-3-4-xxgg-1-nshThe 111 Project B16030The Fundamental Research Funds of Shandong University 2023QNTD001The Intramural Joint Program Fund of SKLMT SKLMTIJP-2024-08The SKLMT Frontiers and Challenges Project SKLMTFCP-2023-05
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

The use of virulent bacteriophages (phages) against pathogenic bacteria has recently attracted considerable interest. The limitations of naturally isolated phages have promoted the development of genome engineering methods to optimize their functions; however, engineering of virulent phage genomes in bacterial hosts remains challenging. Here, we describe a SMART ( IMPORTANCE: Unlike temperate phages, which integrate into host genomes and allow time for genetic manipulation, lytic phages rapidly hijack the bacterial machinery and trigger host lysis within minutes, leaving an extremely narrow editing window. Furthermore, virulent phage genes usually encode toxic products that inhibit the growth of bacterial hosts. We developed a SMART (splitting, modifying, assembling, and rebooting) method for multiplex genome engineering of virulent phages. We deleted 3.9 kb sequences distributed across 8 sites in the 39.9 kb genome of the wild-type T7

Indexed as

BacteriophagesBacteriophage T7Genetic EngineeringGenome, ViralChromosomes, Artificial, BacterialEscherichia coliStaphylococcus aureusStreptococcus agalactiaeVirulencegenome engineeringphage chassisphage engineeringrecombineeringsynthetic phages

Identifiers

PMID40407328
PMCPMC12153263

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.