Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40407250›Full record

ArticleDialogues in clinical neuroscience2025

Cyberdelics: Virtual reality hallucinations modulate cognitive-affective processes.

Giulia Brizzi, Chiara Pupillo, Clara Rastelli, Antonino Greco, Luca Bernardelli, Anna Flavia Di Natale, Silvia Francesca Maria Pizzoli, Elena Sajno, Fabio Frisone, Daniele Di Lernia and 1 more

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Dialogues in clinical neuroscience, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

11 authors.

Giulia BrizziHumane Technology Lab, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Milan, Italy.ORCID 0009-0000-7472-742X
Chiara PupilloHumane Technology Lab, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Milan, Italy.
Clara RastelliDepartment of Psychology and Cognitive Science, University of Trento, Rovereto, Italy.
Antonino GrecoMEG Center, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.
Luca BernardelliBecome-Hub, Milan, Italy.
Anna Flavia Di NataleDep artment of Ps y chology, Università Catt olica del Sacro C uore, Milan, I taly.
Silvia Francesca Maria PizzoliHumane Technology Lab, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Milan, Italy.
Elena SajnoHumane Technology Lab, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Milan, Italy.
Fabio FrisoneHumane Technology Lab, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Milan, Italy.
Daniele Di LerniaDepartment of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, Milan, Italy.
Giuseppe RivaHumane Technology Lab, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Milan, Italy.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

introductionPsychedelics were explored for their potential in the mental health field. However, research was delayed by concerns over short-term side effects and long-term consequences of substance use. Technological advances enabled the development of Hallucinatory Visual Virtual Experiences (HVVEs), namely psychedelic experiences simulations in immersive virtual reality. This study investigated HVVEs' impact on cognitive flexibility, affective response, and autonomic activity.

methods50 healthy participants underwent assessments of cognitive flexibility, control inhibition, emotional response, and autonomic activity at baseline. Participants were then exposed to two 10-minute immersive virtual reality (IVR) experiences: 'The Secret Garden' and its hallucinated counterpart created using Google DeepDream algorithm. All measures were presented after each video, in addition to the flow experience assessment.

resultsPost-HVVE, participants demonstrated enhanced cognitive flexibility and inhibitory control. They reported increased flow-absorption and decreased flow-fluency. Both IVR experiences reduced positive affects and state anxiety compared to baseline; additionally, IVR reduced heart rate and sympathetic activity compared to baseline.

conclusionsHVVEs produced psychedelic positive effects on cognitive and emotional functioning. The complex emotional and autonomic profile mimicked awakened relaxation that, in conjunction with the cognitive flexibility enhancement, could offer the unique opportunity to exploit psychedelic advantages while mitigating risks, opening new avenues for therapeutic approaches.

Indexed as

CognitionHallucinationsVirtual RealityAdultEmotionsFemaleHallucinogensHeart RateHumansMaleYoung AdultHallucinogensartificial intelligencecognitive flexibilityDeepDreamPsychedelicsvirtual realityvisual hallucinations

Identifiers

PMID40407250
PMCPMC12107671

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY
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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.