ArticleAmerican journal of industrial medicine2025
Medical Surveillance of Occupational Lead Exposure Using the EPA's Toxics Release Inventory and Adult Blood Lead Epidemiology and Surveillance Program: Illinois, 2016-2023.
Article in American journal of industrial medicine, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Association between proximity to a lead-releasing facility and cognition in diverse cohorts.Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association · 2026Pooled it
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundDespite existing regulations mandating exposure control, training, and monitoring, many worksites continue to inadequately protect workers from lead exposure. The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) requires facilities to report lead emissions to the Toxics Release Inventory (TRI), presenting a potential tool for identifying at-risk worksites. Research has demonstrated that facilities responsible for high levels of environmental pollution often have poor occupational hygiene controls.
methodsWe linked EPA's TRI, the Illinois Adult Blood Lead Registry and business employer data. Using generalized estimating equation (GEE) models, we evaluated the relationship between lead emissions and blood lead testing to estimate the number of potentially exposed workers at sites without medical surveillance of lead exposures between 2016 and 2023.
resultsOf 477 Illinois facilities reporting lead emissions, 8.2% (n = 39) were above-threshold polluters. Only 3.98% (n = 19) reported blood lead testing for 2 or more workers between 2016 and 2023. Average annual on-site emissions were 86 pounds for below-threshold polluters, 2601 pounds for facilities providing medical surveillance, and 16,917 pounds among above-threshold polluters without medical surveillance. Among the 39 above-threshold worksites without medical surveillance, the GEE model estimates that (range low-to-high) 7 to 684 workers annually had positive blood lead levels, and 10 to 256 workers had levels ≥ 25 μg/dL. The models indicate that the majority of estimated exposed workers would be employed at 15 worksites.
conclusionsAmong facilities reporting above-threshold lead releases, workers rarely received blood lead testing. EPA's TRI data can identify facilities where compliance with the OSHA lead standards is inadequate and can help prioritize worksites for outreach.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.