Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40406444›Full record

ArticleMaternal-fetal medicine (Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc.)2022

CTGNet: Automatic Analysis of Fetal Heart Rate from Cardiotocograph Using Artificial Intelligence.

Mei Zhong, Hao Yi, Fan Lai, Mujun Liu, Rongdan Zeng, Xue Kang, Yahui Xiao, Jingbo Rong, Huijin Wang, Jieyun Bai and 1 more

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Maternal-fetal medicine (Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc.), 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 10 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
10citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

10 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. AI in Childbirth and Emerging Alternatives to Traditional Fertility Treatments.Reproductive sciences (Thousand Oaks, Calif.) · 2026
    Review
  2. Review
  3. Fetal Health Prediction From Cardiotocography Recordings Using Kolmogorov-Arnold Networks.IEEE open journal of engineering in medicine and biology · 2025
    Article
  4. Article
  5. Article
  6. Article
  7. Article
  8. Article
  9. Review
  10. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

11 authors.

Mei ZhongNanFang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China.
Hao YiCollege of Information Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China.
Fan LaiDepartment of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Chengdu Women's and Children's Central Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 611731, China.
Mujun LiuCollege of Information Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China.
Rongdan ZengCollege of Information Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China.
Xue KangCollege of Information Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China.
Yahui XiaoCollege of Information Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China.
Jingbo RongLian-Med Technology Co., Ltd, Guangzhou 510000, China.
Huijin WangCollege of Information Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China.
Jieyun BaiCollege of Information Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China.
Yaosheng LuCollege of Information Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Objective: This study investigates the efficacy of analyzing fetal heart rate (FHR) signals based on Artificial Intelligence to obtain a baseline calculation and identify accelerations/decelerations in the FHR through electronic fetal monitoring during labor. Methods: A total of 43,888 cardiotocograph(CTG) records of female patients in labor from January 2012 to December 2020 were collected from the NanFang Hospital of Southern Medical University. After filtering the data, 2341 FHR records were used for the study. The ObVue fetal monitoring system, manufactured by Lian-Med Technology Co. Ltd., was used to monitor the FHR signals for these pregnant women from the beginning of the first stage of labor to the end of delivery. Two obstetric experts together annotated the FHR signals in the system to determine the baseline as well as accelerations/decelerations of the FHR. Our cardiotocograph network (CTGNet) as well as traditional methods were then used to automatically analyze the baseline and acceleration/deceleration of the FHR signals. The results of calculations were compared with the annotations provided by the obstetric experts, and ten-fold cross-validation was applied to evaluate them. The root-mean-square difference (RMSD) between the baselines, acceleration F-measure (Acc.F-measure), deceleration F-measure (Dec.F-measure), and the morphological analysis discordance index (MADI) were used as evaluation metrics. The data were analyzed by using a paired Results: The proposed CTGNet was superior to the best traditional method, proposed by Mantel, in terms of the RMSD.BL (1.7935 ± 0.8099 Conclusion: The proposed Artificial Intelligence-based method CTGNet delivers good performance in terms of the automatic analysis of FHR based on cardiotocograph data. It promises to be a key component of smart obstetrics systems of the future.

Indexed as

AccelerationArtificial intelligenceBaselineCardiotocographDecelerationDeep learningFetal heart rateSmart obstetrics

Identifiers

PMID40406444
PMCPMC12094348

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.