Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40406423›Full record

ArticleFrontiers in sports and active living2025

Algorithmic fandom: how generative AI is reshaping sports marketing, fan engagement, and the integrity of sport.

Hans Westerbeek

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Frontiers in sports and active living, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
4citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

4 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Review
  3. Review
  4. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

1 author.

Hans WesterbeekVictoria University Business School, Victoria University, Melbourne, Australia.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Generative artificial intelligence (AI) is rapidly transforming the landscape of sports marketing by enabling hyper-personalised fan engagement, real-time content delivery, and data-driven commercial strategies. Leveraging technologies such as machine learning, predictive analytics, and automated content generation, sports organisations are increasingly able to tailor fan experiences, anticipate behaviour, and optimise revenue models. While these advancements offer significant opportunities for enhancing interactivity and commercial growth, they also introduce complex ethical, psychological, and regulatory challenges. This paper critically examines the dual nature of generative AI in sports marketing, with a particular focus on consumer autonomy, data monetisation, and the influence of AI-driven personalisation on fan behaviour. Using narrative literature review approach, the paper draws on emerging research, industry cases, and interdisciplinary literature, and explores how algorithmic recommendation systems can manipulate fan decisions, reinforce digital echo chambers, and marginalise underrepresented sports. Special attention is given to the impact of AI on children and adolescents, who are particularly vulnerable to targeted content, gamification, and AI-curated betting environments. The integration of AI in gambling platforms and the commercialisation of fan data raise significant concerns around privacy, consent, and long-term wellbeing. The paper concludes by offering some implementation guidance for sport ecosystem stakeholders. It also outlines a future research agenda that calls for empirical investigations into the long-term effects of AI on fan behaviour, the development of regulatory frameworks to safeguard consumer rights, and interdisciplinary collaboration to design ethical AI systems. By identifying these critical issues, the paper aims to support a more inclusive, transparent, and integrity-focused application of AI in sport.

Indexed as

AIAI integrityalgorithmartificial intelligencedata monetisationecho chambersfan engagementgenerative AI

Identifiers

PMID40406423
PMCPMC12094936

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.