Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40406149›Full record

ArticleFrontiers in immunology2025

Local and systemic cytokine profiles in children with pneumonia-associated lung consolidation.

Jilei Lin, Jiande Chen, Shuhua Yuan, Mingyu Tang, Guijun Yang, Huishan Zhang, Wanlin Li, Hui Zhao, Jing Zhang, Lei Zhang and 1 more

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Frontiers in immunology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 6 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
6citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

6 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Review
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

11 authors.

Jilei Lin *Department of Respiratory Medicine, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
Jiande Chen *Department of Respiratory Medicine, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
Shuhua Yuan *Department of Respiratory Medicine, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
Mingyu Tang *Department of Respiratory Medicine, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
Guijun YangDepartment of Respiratory Medicine, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
Huishan ZhangDepartment of Respiratory Medicine, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
Wanlin LiDepartment of Respiratory Medicine, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
Hui ZhaoDepartment of Respiratory Medicine, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
Jing ZhangDepartment of Respiratory Medicine, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
Lei ZhangInternational Medical Department, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
Yong YinDepartment of Respiratory Medicine, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Objective: Lung consolidation (LC) in pediatric pneumonia could lead to complicated clinical outcomes, yet the underlying immunological mechanisms are not fully understood. This study aimed to investigate the roles of local and systemic cytokines in the development of pulmonary complications and disease progression in children with pneumonia-associated LC. Design: Conducted at the Shanghai Children's Medical Center, this study included 169 children admitted between June 2022 and October 2023. Methods: We analyzed levels of fifteen cytokines in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) and blood. Classification and regression tree (CART) analysis identified specific cytokines associated with pulmonary complications and hypoxemia. Results: In children with LC, most local cytokines were found at higher levels than systemic cytokines, with no apparent correlation between the two. Notably, an elevated level of IL-8 (≥ 6615 pg/ml) in BALF was associated with an increased risk of hypoxemia. Additionally, elevated levels of IL-4 and INF-γ in BALF were closely associated with the development of multi-segmental LC. Furthermore, elevated levels of IL-2R in BALF were significantly associated with the occurrence of atelectasis, in contrast to their levels in peripheral blood. Conclusion: IL-4, INF-γ, IL-2R, and IL-8 levels in BALF are closely associated with pulmonary complications and disease progression in children with LC. Exploring targeted immunomodulatory therapies in these children may mitigate lung injury caused by excessive local inflammatory responses.

Indexed as

CytokinesPneumoniaBiomarkersBronchoalveolar Lavage FluidChildChild, PreschoolDisease ProgressionFemaleHumansInfantLungMaleBiomarkersCytokinesbronchoalveolar lavage fluidchildrencytokinelung consolidationpneumonia

Identifiers

PMID40406149
PMCPMC12094972

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.