Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40406138›Full record

ArticleFrontiers in immunology2025

Serum cystatin C as a potential biomarker for generalized acetylcholine receptor antibody-positive myasthenia gravis.

Dingxian He, Huahua Zhong, Lei Jin, Ran Chen, Zongtai Wu, Rui Zhao, Xiao Huan, Chong Yan, Jie Song, Jianying Xi and 3 more

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Frontiers in immunology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

13 authors.

Dingxian HeHuashan Rare Disease Centre and Department of Neurology, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, National Centre for Neurological Disorders, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
Huahua ZhongHuashan Rare Disease Centre and Department of Neurology, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, National Centre for Neurological Disorders, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
Lei JinHuashan Rare Disease Centre and Department of Neurology, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, National Centre for Neurological Disorders, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
Ran ChenHuashan Rare Disease Centre and Department of Neurology, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, National Centre for Neurological Disorders, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
Zongtai WuDepartment of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom.
Rui ZhaoHuashan Rare Disease Centre and Department of Neurology, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, National Centre for Neurological Disorders, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
Xiao HuanHuashan Rare Disease Centre and Department of Neurology, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, National Centre for Neurological Disorders, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
Chong YanHuashan Rare Disease Centre and Department of Neurology, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, National Centre for Neurological Disorders, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
Jie SongHuashan Rare Disease Centre and Department of Neurology, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, National Centre for Neurological Disorders, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
Jianying XiHuashan Rare Disease Centre and Department of Neurology, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, National Centre for Neurological Disorders, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
Chongbo ZhaoHuashan Rare Disease Centre and Department of Neurology, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, National Centre for Neurological Disorders, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
Shanfeng ZhuInstitute of Science and Technology for Brain-Inspired Intelligence and Ministry of Education (MOE) Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
Sushan LuoHuashan Rare Disease Centre and Department of Neurology, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, National Centre for Neurological Disorders, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Objective: To identify new metabolic biomarkers associated with myasthenia gravis (MG). Methods: We analyzed 285 potential metabolic molecules from UK Biobank (UKB) for MG patients and identified elevated serum cystatin C (Cys-C). Validation was performed using laboratory data, ELISA, and clinical information from Chinese (CHN) acetylcholine receptor antibody (AChR-Ab) positive generalized MG (gMG) cohorts. We assessed cytokines/chemokines/complements and peripheral blood T lymphocytes using Luminex assays and flow cytometry. MG-relevant scores including myasthenia gravis activities of daily living score (MG-ADL) and quantitative myasthenia gravis score (QMG) were prospectively collected and retrospectively analyzed. The correlations between serum Cys-C and the ratio of T helper 1 (Th1)/Th2 were assessed. Results: Serum Cys-C levels were significantly elevated in MG patients compared to healthy controls in both UKB cohorts and Chinese MG cohorts (CHN) (UKB: 0.99 ± 0.20 vs. 0.86 ± 0.12 mg/L, p = 2.26E-41; CHN: 1.08 ± 0.30 vs. 0.87 ± 0.13 mg/L, p = 4.83E-08). Higher serum Cys-C levels were found in MG patients with high disease burden, as stratified by MG-ADL score. Serum Cys-C correlated with MG scores, including QMG (R = 0.40, p = 3.90E-03) and MG-ADL scores (R = 0.42, p = 2.40E-03). The ratio of Th1/Th2 correlated well with the serum Cys-C (R = 0.29, p = 3.10E-02). Conclusions: Serum Cys-C levels were significantly elevated in AChR-Ab positive gMG patients and correlated with disease severity and Th1/Th2 ratio, suggesting its potential as an efficient biomarker for predicting the clinical severity of MG. Future prospective cohort studies with a large sample size are expected to validate these findings.

Indexed as

AutoantibodiesCystatin CMyasthenia GravisReceptors, CholinergicAdultAgedBiomarkersFemaleHumansMaleMiddle AgedRetrospective StudiesAutoantibodiesBiomarkersCystatin CReceptors, Cholinergicbiomarkerclinical severitycystatin Cmyasthenia gravisT helper cell

Identifiers

PMID40406138
PMCPMC12095358

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.