ReviewFrontiers in immunology2025
Glycemic control and vaccine response: the role of mucosal immunity after vaccination in diabetic patients.
Review in Frontiers in immunology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed.
- Immune dysregulation in type 2 diabetes mellitus: Implications for tuberculosis, COVID-19, and HIV/AIDS.Infectious medicine · 2025Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
This review explores the critical interplay between glycemic control, mucosal immunity, and vaccine response in diabetic patients. Diabetes mellitus, characterized by impaired glucose regulation, significantly impacts immune function, particularly at mucosal surfaces. Poor glycemic control diminishes vaccine-induced antibody responses and compromises mucosal defenses, such as secretory IgA production, increasing susceptibility to infections. We synthesize evidence highlighting the importance of optimizing glycemic management prior to vaccination to enhance immunogenicity. Furthermore, we examine the potential of personalized vaccination strategies, tailored to individual glycemic status, age, BMI, and kidney function, to improve vaccine efficacy in this vulnerable population. Additionally, we discuss the role of adjunct therapies, including probiotics, nutritional interventions, and lifestyle modifications, in modulating the gut microbiota and reinforcing mucosal barrier integrity. This review underscores the necessity for an interdisciplinary approach, integrating metabolic management with innovative vaccine designs, to maximize protection against infectious diseases in diabetic patients. Future research should prioritize longitudinal studies assessing both systemic and mucosal immunity and refine personalized vaccination strategies to ensure robust and durable protection.
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Registered trials
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