Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40406098›Full record

ReviewFrontiers in immunology2025

Epigenetic remodeling by sex hormone receptors and implications for gender affirming hormone therapy.

Den Celestra, Nhi N L Nguyen, Camille Laberthonniere, Ken C Pang, Richard Saffery, Rachel A Davey, Musa Mhlanga, Ada S Cheung, Boris Novakovic

Abstract readReview
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Review in Frontiers in immunology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
4citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

4 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Review
  2. The HIV Reservoir and Immune Landscape Across the Life Course of Women: Implications for Cure Strategies.American journal of reproductive immunology (New York, N.Y. : 1989) · 2026
    Review
  3. Review
  4. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

9 authors.

Den CelestraMurdoch Children's Research Institute and Department of Pediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia.
Nhi N L NguyenMurdoch Children's Research Institute and Department of Pediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia.
Camille LaberthonniereRadboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences RIMLS, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands.
Ken C PangMurdoch Children's Research Institute and Department of Pediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia.
Richard SafferyMurdoch Children's Research Institute and Department of Pediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia.
Rachel A DaveyDepartment of Medicine Austin Health, University of Melbourne, Heidelberg, VIC, Australia.
Musa MhlangaRadboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences RIMLS, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands.
Ada S CheungDepartment of Medicine Austin Health, University of Melbourne, Heidelberg, VIC, Australia.
Boris NovakovicMurdoch Children's Research Institute and Department of Pediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia.

Funding

Understanding the effects of Gender Affirming Hormone Therapy (GAHT) on immune function using a systems immunology approachR21AI179004 · NIAID · MURDOCH CHILDREN'S RESEARCH INSTITUTE · PI NOVAKOVIC, BORIS · 2023 to 2024
$272k
NIAID NIH HHS R21 AI179004
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Sex differences in immune system development and response to pathogens has been well documented, with females exhibiting more favorable outcomes for certain infections but a higher incidence of autoimmune disease compared to males. At least some of these sex differences are mediated by sex hormones, which signal through sex hormone receptors to remodel the regulatory chromatin landscape of cells. Here, we summarize the current knowledge of how sex hormone receptors remodel chromatin structure and epigenetic marks in different contexts in humans. As the epigenome is fundamental to specifying cell identity and function, and reflects past exposures, epigenetic variation can influence cellular responses to future stimuli. This has implications for susceptibility to infection and complex inflammatory disease in a range of hormone therapy settings, including gender-affirming hormone therapy in transgender people. Therefore, profiling of epigenetic marks in the context of gender-affirming hormone therapy is an important unexplored field of research.

Indexed as

Chromatin Assembly and DisassemblyEpigenesis, GeneticGonadal Steroid HormonesReceptors, SteroidAnimalsFemaleHormone Replacement TherapyHumansMaleSex CharacteristicsGonadal Steroid HormonesReceptors, Steroidepigeneticsestrogenestrogen receptorgendergender-affirming hormonal therapyimmunitysex hormonestestosterone

Identifiers

PMID40406098
PMCPMC12095348

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY
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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.