Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40405262›Full record

ArticleGenome biology2025

Incorporating scale uncertainty in microbiome and gene expression analysis as an extension of normalization.

Michelle Pistner Nixon, Gregory B Gloor, Justin D Silverman

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Genome biology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 17 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
17citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

17 citing papers in PubMed.

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  7. Frontiers in microbiology · 2026
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

3 authors.

Michelle Pistner NixonCollege of Information Sciences and Technology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA.
Gregory B GloorDepartment of Biochemistry, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, N6A 3K7, Canada.
Justin D SilvermanCollege of Information Sciences and Technology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA. jds6696@psu.edu.

Funding

DMS/NIGMS 1: Addressing Measurement Limitations for Sequence Count DataR01GM148972 · NIGMS · PENNSYLVANIA STATE UNIVERSITY, THE · PI SILVERMAN, JUSTIN D · 2022 to 2024
$600k
NIGMS NIH HHS R01 GM148972NIH HHS 1R01GM148972-01
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Statistical normalizations are used in differential analyses to address sample-to-sample variation in sequencing depth. Yet normalizations make strong, implicit assumptions about the scale of biological systems, such as microbial load, leading to false positives and negatives. We introduce scale models as a generalization of normalizations, which allows researchers to model potential errors in these modeling assumptions, thereby enhancing the transparency and robustness of data analyses. In practice, scale models can drastically reduce false positives and false negatives rates. We introduce updates to the popular ALDEx2 software package, available on Bioconductor, facilitating scale model analysis.

Indexed as

Gene Expression ProfilingMicrobiotaHumansSoftwareUncertaintyGene expressionMicrobiomeModel misspecificationNormalization

Identifiers

PMID40405262
PMCPMC12100815

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.