ArticleBMC oral health2025
Increased burden of lip, oral, and pharyngeal cancer in adolescents and young adults from 1990 to 2021.
Article in BMC oral health, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 5 papers.
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Who cites it
5 citing papers in PubMed.
- Global quality of care trends for lip and oral cavity cancer: A quality of care index analysis, 1990-2021.Preventive medicine reports · 2026Article
- The Mediating Role of Patient Activation in the Association Between Illness Perception and Self-Management Behavior Among Patients with Oral Cancer.Patient preference and adherence · 2026Article
- The impact of oral health disparities on smoking prevalence.Frontiers in public health · 2025Review
- Global burden of lip and oral cavity cancer attributable to high alcohol consumption from 1990 to 2021.Frontiers in nutrition · 2025Article
- Burden of lip and oral cavity cancer among young people across South, East, and Southeast Asia: trends from 1990 to 2021 and predictions to 2030.Frontiers in oncology · 2025Article
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Abstract
backgroundLip, oral, and pharyngeal cancers are significant contributors to the global cancer burden; however, adequate estimates in younger groups are scarce. To address this gap, we examined their global, regional, and national changes in the burden in adolescents and young adults and their associated risks from 1990 to 2021.
methodsBased on the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2021, we assessed the number of cases and incidence, mortality, and disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) per 100,000 population, the corresponding estimated annual percentage changes, and risk factors for lip and oral cavity cancer (LOC) and other pharyngeal cancers (OPC) among younger populations aged 15-39 years.
resultsFrom 1990 to 2021, the incidence rate of LOC increased from 0.64 (95% uncertainty intervals [UI], 0.60 to 0.68) to 0.98 (95% UI, 0.84 to 1.10), mortality rate increased from 0.26 (95% UI, 0.24 to 0.28) to 0.33 (95% UI, 0.27 to 0.38), and DALYs rate increased from 15.45 (95% UI, 14.26 to 16.58) to 19.54 (95% UI, 16.02 to 22.46), per 100,000 population. Incidence of OPC increased from 0.10 (95% UI, 0.09 to 0.11) to 0.15 (95% UI, 0.13 to 0.17), mortality rate increased from 0.07 (95% UI, 0.06 to 0.07) to 0.08 (95% UI, 0.07 to 0.09), and the DALYs rate increased from 3.72 (95% UI, 3.24 to 4.08) to 4.61 (95% UI, 3.95 to 5.28), per 100,000 population. South Asia and Eastern Europe had the highest incidence, mortality, and DALYs for lip, oral, and other pharyngeal cancer in 2021, while the middle sociodemographic index (SDI) countries had the largest increase. Among 204 countries, Palau and Slovakia had the highest national incidence of younger LOC and OPC in 2021, respectively. Males accounted for 57.90% of the incident LOC cases in 2021 and 62.54% of the incident cases of OPC. The proportional contribution of the risk factors varied across regions.
conclusionsThe prevalence, incidence and mortality of lip, oral, and other pharyngeal cancer among adolescents vary by country and sex, and the disparities are widening. There is an urgent need to address the changing global burden of cancer in the younger population, tackle the specific vulnerabilities of this age group and the existing inequities. Global health authorities should also take action through specific control planning and appropriate measures.
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