Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40405003›Full record

ArticleCommunications medicine2025

Post-recovery viral shedding shapes wastewater-based epidemiological inferences.

Tin Phan, Samantha Brozak, Bruce Pell, Stanca M Ciupe, Ruian Ke, Ruy M Ribeiro, Anna Gitter, Kristina D Mena, Alan S Perelson, Yang Kuang and 1 more

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Communications medicine, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
3citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

3 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Review
  2. Article
  3. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

11 authors.

Tin PhanTheoretical Biology and Biophysics, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-9998-8263
Samantha BrozakSchool of Mathematical and Statistical Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA.
Bruce PellDepartment of Mathematics and Computer Science, Lawrence Technological University, Southfield, MI, USA.
Stanca M CiupeDepartment of Mathematics, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5386-6946
Ruian KeTheoretical Biology and Biophysics, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-5307-8934
Ruy M RibeiroTheoretical Biology and Biophysics, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3988-8241
Anna GitterDepartment of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, School of Public Health, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA.
Kristina D MenaDepartment of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, School of Public Health, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA.
Alan S PerelsonTheoretical Biology and Biophysics, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-2455-0002
Yang KuangSchool of Mathematical and Statistical Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA.
Fuqing WuDepartment of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, School of Public Health, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA. fuqing.wu@uth.tmc.edu.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-2820-3550

Funding

Collaborative Research: DMS/NIGMS 1: Identifiability investigation of Multi-scale Models of Infectious DiseasesR01GM152743 · NIGMS · VIRGINIA POLYTECHNIC INST AND ST UNIV · PI CIUPE, STANCA M. · 2023 to 2025
$600k
National Science Foundation (NSF) DEB-1930728National Science Foundation (NSF) DMS-2421257NIGMS NIH HHS R01 GM152743
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundThe prolonged viral shedding from the gastrointestinal tract is well documented for numerous pathogens, including SARS-CoV-2. However, the impact of prolonged viral shedding on epidemiological inferences using wastewater data is not yet fully understood.

methodsTo gain a better understanding of this phenomenon at the population level, we extended a wastewater-based modeling framework that integrates viral shedding dynamics, viral load data in wastewater, case report data, and an epidemic model.

resultsOur results indicate that as an outbreak progresses, the viral load from recovered individuals gradually becomes predominant, surpassing that from the infectious population. This phenomenon leads to a dynamic relationship between model-inferred and reported daily incidence over the course of an outbreak. Sensitivity analyses on the duration and rate of viral shedding for recovered individuals reveal that accounting for this phenomenon can considerably advance prediction of transmission peak timing. Furthermore, extensive viral shedding from the recovered population toward the conclusion of an epidemic wave may overshadow viral signals from newly infected cases carrying emerging variants, which can delay the rapid recognition of emerging variants based on viral load.

conclusionsThese findings highlight the necessity of integrating post-recovery viral shedding to enhance the accuracy and utility of wastewater-based epidemiological analysis.

Identifiers

PMID40405003
PMCPMC12098667

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.