Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40404803›Full record

ArticleScientific reports2025

Socioeconomic inequality in mental health disorders: A cross-sectional study from the Tehran University of Medical Sciences employees' cohort study.

Sheida Ghorbani, Fatemeh Ghavidel, Sedigheh Abdollahi, Pardis Zarepour, FatemehZahra Dehestani, Mohammad Saatchi, Hamidreza Pouragha, Vali Baigi

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In one paragraph

Article in Scientific reports, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
2citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

2 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors.

Sheida Ghorbani *Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.ORCID http://orcid.org/0009-0004-1791-4869
Fatemeh Ghavidel *Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5017-918X
Sedigheh AbdollahiDepartment of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.ORCID http://orcid.org/0009-0009-8724-6209
Pardis ZarepourDepartment of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.ORCID http://orcid.org/0009-0000-9929-6259
FatemehZahra DehestaniDepartment of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.ORCID http://orcid.org/0009-0003-4263-356X
Mohammad SaatchiDepartment of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-2744-9927
Hamidreza PouraghaDepartment of Environmental Engineering, MehrAlborz University (MAU), Tehran, Iran.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-9748-2864
Vali BaigiDepartment of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. v-baigi@sina.tums.ac.ir.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-1882-7340

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Understanding socioeconomic inequalities in health helps identify vulnerable groups and guide targeted interventions. Mental health disorders significantly affect well-being and productivity. This study assessed the prevalence and socioeconomic inequalities in depression, anxiety, and stress among employees of the Tehran University of Medical Sciences. This cross-sectional study analyzed data from the Tehran University of Medical Sciences Employees' Cohort (TEC) baseline phase, comprising 4,442 individuals. The Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale-42 (DASS-42) was utilized to measure mental health disorders. Education level and wealth index were considered as socioeconomic indicators. The Slope Index of Inequality (SII) and the Relative Index of Inequality (RII) were employed to estimate socioeconomic inequality. The age-adjusted prevalence of depression, anxiety, and stress was 8.7%, 8.6%, and 11.5%, respectively. The relative wealth-related inequality analysis revealed that, after adjusting for age, sex, marital status, and education level, the prevalence of depression, anxiety, and stress in the lowest wealth index was 2.54, 2.89, and 1.65 times higher than in the highest wealth index, respectively. Additionally, the relative education-related inequality analysis indicated that, adjusted for age, sex, marital status, and wealth index, individuals with primary education or no formal education had 2.58, 2.99, and 2.14 times higher prevalence of depression, anxiety, and stress compared to those with a doctoral degree, respectively. Significant disparities in the prevalence of mental health disorders were found across educational and wealth index levels. Targeted interventions and policies should aim to achieve and sustain long-term benefits for vulnerable and disadvantaged groups.

Indexed as

Health Status DisparitiesMental DisordersSocioeconomic FactorsAdultAnxietyCohort StudiesCross-Sectional StudiesDepressionFemaleHumansIranMaleMental HealthMiddle AgedPrevalenceStress, PsychologicalHealth status disparitiesMental healthSocial classSocial determinants of health

Identifiers

PMID40404803
PMCPMC12098881

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.