Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40404703›Full record

ArticleScientific reports2025

Analyzing the effect of physical exercise on social anxiety in college students using the chain mediation model.

Hongbo Zhao, Ying Chi, Lei Shi

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Scientific reports, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 10 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
10citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

10 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.

  1. Pooled it
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

3 authors.

Hongbo ZhaoLiaoning Normal University, Dalian, Liaoning, China.
Ying ChiLiaoning Normal University, Dalian, Liaoning, China.
Lei ShiLiaoning Normal University, Dalian, Liaoning, China. 54721190@qq.com.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

This study aimed to explore the relationship between physical exercise and social anxiety among college students and to analyse the chain-mediated role of self-control and mental toughness in it. Using a cross-sectional survey method with physical exercise rating scale, social anxiety scale, self-control scale and mental toughness scale as measurement tools, 534 university students, 50.74% of whom were female and 49.25% of whom were male, were surveyed by stratified whole group convenience sampling method, and mediated effect analyses were conducted using SPSS27.0 and Process plug-in. Two-by-two correlations between physical exercise, self-control, mental toughness, and social anxiety among college students. Physical exercise positively predicted self-control and mental toughness and negatively predicted social anxiety among college students. Self-control and mental toughness individually mediated the relationship between physical exercise and college students' social anxiety. Self-control and mental toughness acted as chain mediators between Physical exercise and college students' social anxiety. Physical exercise is an effective way to alleviate social anxiety among college students, both directly on their social anxiety levels and indirectly through the chain-mediated effects of self-control and mental toughness.

Indexed as

AnxietyExerciseStudentsAdolescentAdultCross-Sectional StudiesFemaleHumansMaleSelf-ControlSurveys and QuestionnairesUniversitiesYoung AdultChain mediationCollege students’ social anxietyMental toughnessPhysical exerciseSelf-control

Identifiers

PMID40404703
PMCPMC12098904

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.