ReviewSignal transduction and targeted therapy2025
The immune system in cardiovascular diseases: from basic mechanisms to therapeutic implications.
Review in Signal transduction and targeted therapy, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 62 papers, 6 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
62 citing papers in PubMed, 6 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- CD4Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Pooled it
- Forensic Perspective of Unintentional Doping, Cardiovascular Health, and the Role of Nutrition in Competitive Sports.Nutrients · 2026Pooled it
- Preprocedural systemic immune-inflammation index predicts atrial fibrillation recurrence after catheter ablation: A systematic review and meta-analysis.Biomolecules & biomedicine · 2026Pooled it
- Knowledge domain and evolutionary trends of P2Y receptors in cardiovascular diseases: a bibliometric and altmetric analysis.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2025Pooled it
- Bioactives and exercise synergize to modulate AMPK and inflammation.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Pooled it
- Association Between TNF-Alpha Levels and Atrial Fibrillation Outcomes: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Clinical and applied thrombosis/hemostasis : official journal of the International Academy of Clinical and Applied Thrombosis/HemostasisPooled it
- Genetic and clinical risk factors for recurrent events among patients with coronary artery disease.American journal of preventive cardiology · 2026Article
- Unravelling the Therapeutic Potential of Cysteine for Cardiovascular Health.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Innate Immune Memory Responses in Organ Transplantation.Arteriosclerosis, thrombosis, and vascular biology · 2026Review
- The roles of ginseng and ginsenosides for immune regulation: Relation to immunometabolic responses.Journal of ginseng research · 2026Review
- The Role of Inflammation and Immunity in Cardiovascular Disease: Molecular Mechanisms and Therapeutic Targets.MedComm · 2026Review
- Article
- Differential Regulation of Inflammatory and Pro-Resolving Lipid Mediators in Chronic Coronary Syndrome Across Cardiometabolic Phenotypes.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Observational
- Review
- Plant-derived extracellular vesicles as emerging cardioprotective agents for cardiovascular diseases.Journal of nanobiotechnology · 2026Review
- Immune Mechanisms of Heart Valve Development, Homeostasis, and Disease.Arteriosclerosis, thrombosis, and vascular biology · 2026Review
- Myocardial Injury in Rheumatic Diseases: Immune and Microcirculatory and Molecular Mechanisms of Cardiomyopathies.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Disease modelling with in vitro vascularised organoids.Disease models & mechanisms · 2026Review
- Early Identification of ST-Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction (STEMI) at Presentation: Comparative Diagnostic Performance of CBC-Derived Inflammatory Indices and High-Sensitivity Troponin T.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Article
- Senescent cells in systemic aging: SASP heterogeneity, immune escape, and endocrine modulation.Biogerontology · 2026Review
2 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
9 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Immune system plays a crucial role in the physiological and pathological regulation of the cardiovascular system. The exploration history and milestones of immune system in cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) have evolved from the initial discovery of chronic inflammation in atherosclerosis to large-scale clinical studies confirming the importance of anti-inflammatory therapy in treating CVDs. This progress has been facilitated by advancements in various technological approaches, including multi-omics analysis (single-cell sequencing, spatial transcriptome et al.) and significant improvements in immunotherapy techniques such as chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-T cell therapy. Both innate and adaptive immunity holds a pivotal role in CVDs, involving Toll-like receptor (TLR) signaling pathway, nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-containing proteins 1 and 2 (NOD1/2) signaling pathway, inflammasome signaling pathway, RNA and DNA sensing signaling pathway, as well as antibody-mediated and complement-dependent systems. Meanwhile, immune responses are simultaneously regulated by multi-level regulations in CVDs, including epigenetics (DNA, RNA, protein) and other key signaling pathways in CVDs, interactions among immune cells, and interactions between immune and cardiac or vascular cells. Remarkably, based on the progress in basic research on immune responses in the cardiovascular system, significant advancements have also been made in pre-clinical and clinical studies of immunotherapy. This review provides an overview of the role of immune system in the cardiovascular system, providing in-depth insights into the physiological and pathological regulation of immune responses in various CVDs, highlighting the impact of multi-level regulation of immune responses in CVDs. Finally, we also discuss pre-clinical and clinical strategies targeting the immune system and translational implications in CVDs.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.