Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40404216›Full record

ArticleThe European respiratory journal2025

Sputum metagenomics in bronchiectasis reveals pan-European variation: an EMBARC-BRIDGE study.

Kai Xian Thng, Pei Yee Tiew, Micheál Mac Aogáin, Jayanth Kumar Narayana, Tavleen Kaur Jaggi, Fransiskus Xaverius Ivan, Morven Shuttleworth, Merete B Long, Hollian Richardson, Holly Lind and 18 more

Abstract readMulticenter Study
In one paragraph

Article in The European respiratory journal, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 13 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
13citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

13 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.

  1. Guideline
  2. Review
  3. Article
  4. Article
  5. The frequent exacerbator phenotype in bronchiectasis revisited: data from EMBARC registry.American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine · 2026
    Article
  6. Article
  7. Review
  8. The Upper Airway Microbiome in Bronchiectasis: Expanding the Landscape of Airway Dysbiosis.American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine · 2025
    Article
  9. Article
  10. Article
  11. Beyond ORBIT: Mapping the Constellation of Pseudomonas Endotypes in Bronchiectasis Clinical Trials.American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine · 2025
    Article
  12. Infection withRespiratory medicine case reports · 2025
    Article
  13. Microbiome and its role in bronchiectasis.Therapeutic advances in respiratory disease
    Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

28 authors.

Kai Xian ThngLee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore.
Pei Yee TiewLee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore.
Micheál Mac AogáinDepartment of Biochemistry, St. James's Hospital, Dublin, Ireland.
Jayanth Kumar NarayanaLee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore.
Tavleen Kaur JaggiLee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore.
Fransiskus Xaverius IvanLee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore.
Morven ShuttleworthDivision of Respiratory Medicine and Gastroenterology, University of Dundee, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, Dundee, UK.
Merete B LongDivision of Respiratory Medicine and Gastroenterology, University of Dundee, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, Dundee, UK.
Hollian RichardsonDivision of Respiratory Medicine and Gastroenterology, University of Dundee, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, Dundee, UK.
Holly LindDivision of Respiratory Medicine and Gastroenterology, University of Dundee, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, Dundee, UK.
Daniela Alferes de Lima HeadleyDivision of Respiratory Medicine and Gastroenterology, University of Dundee, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, Dundee, UK.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5125-1657
Kara RobertsonDivision of Respiratory Medicine and Gastroenterology, University of Dundee, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, Dundee, UK.
Jennifer PollockDivision of Respiratory Medicine and Gastroenterology, University of Dundee, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, Dundee, UK.
Pieter C GoeminneAZNikolaas, Sint-Niklaas, Belgium.
Michal ShteinbergPulmonology Institute and CF Center, Carmel Medical Center, and the Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, the B. Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Haifa, Israel.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0432-3398
Anthony De SoyzaFreeman Hospital, Newcastle, UK.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8566-0344
Stefano AlibertiHumanitas University, Milan, Italy.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0090-4531
Josje AltenburgMedical Centre, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
Charles S HaworthPapworth Hospital, Cambridge, UK.
Oriol SibilaRespiratory Department, IDIBAPS, Hospital Clínic, CIBERES, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
Eva PolverinoVall d'Hebron University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain.
Michael R LoebingerHost Defence Unit, Royal Brompton Hospital, London, UK.
Felix C RingshausenDepartment of Respiratory Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9084-4968
Natalie LorentDepartment of Pneumology, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2653-5885
Katerina DimakouSotiria Chest Hospital, Athens, Greece.
Amelia ShoemarkDivision of Respiratory Medicine and Gastroenterology, University of Dundee, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, Dundee, UK.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7360-6060
James D ChalmersDivision of Respiratory Medicine and Gastroenterology, University of Dundee, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, Dundee, UK.
Sanjay H ChotirmallLee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore schotirmall@ntu.edu.sg.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0417-7607

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundThe European Multicentre Bronchiectasis Audit and Research Collaboration (EMBARC) registry shows considerable variation in culturable microbes in sputum between different European countries. The additive role of next-generation metagenomic sequencing remains unexplored and the association with antimicrobial resistomes unknown.

methodsWe used next-generation shotgun metagenomic sequencing to prospectively assess sputum from 349 individuals recruited into the EMBARC Bronchiectasis Research Involving Databases, Genomics and Endotyping (BRIDGE) study from three European regions: Northern and Western Europe, Southern Europe and the UK. Samples were included from eight European countries. Microbiome and resistome profiles were assessed in relation to clinical outcomes.

resultsNext-generation metagenomic sequencing reproduced differences between countries in microbial profiles that were previously shown by culture in the EMBARC study. Metagenomics provided enhanced detection for some bronchiectasis pathogens, including

conclusionSputum metagenomics confirms and extends prior observations of regional variation in bronchiectasis microbiology. Important variation in the distribution of pathogens and antimicrobial resistance genes has implications for antimicrobial practices across Europe.

Indexed as

BronchiectasisMetagenomicsSputumAdultAgedAnti-Bacterial AgentsEuropeFemaleHaemophilus influenzaeHigh-Throughput Nucleotide SequencingHumansMaleMicrobiotaMiddle AgedProspective StudiesPseudomonas aeruginosaAnti-Bacterial Agents

Identifiers

PMID40404216
PMCPMC12371318

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.