ArticleEnvironmental research2025
Association of urinary phthalate metabolite concentrations with inflammatory biomarker levels among pregnant women.
Article in Environmental research, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.
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Who cites it
2 citing papers in PubMed.
- Prenatal exposure to organophosphate ester flame retardants and plasticizers and maternal immune responses in three ECHO cohorts.Environmental research · 2026Article
- Association of in utero exposure to phthalate and DINCH metabolites with placental DNA methylation.Environment international · 2025Article
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12 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundFew studies have evaluated the associations between phthalate exposures and maternal inflammation.
objectivesTo examine cross-sectional associations of urinary phthalate metabolites, individually and as a mixture, with serum inflammatory biomarkers during pregnancy.
methodsA total of 175 pregnant women enrolled in the Environment and Reproductive Health (EARTH) Study between 2005 and 2017 were included. Concentrations of 11 urinary phthalate metabolites and two serum inflammatory biomarkers, including C-reactive protein (CRP) and interleukin-6 (IL-6), were measured. Urinary concentrations of phthalate metabolites were adjusted for specific gravity (SG) before analysis. Linear regression and Bayesian Kernel Machine Regression models were used to examine the associations for individual phthalates and their mixture, respectively. Stratified analyses by pre-pregnancy body mass index (BMI) were also conducted.
resultsNo association for urinary phthalate metabolites, individually or as a mixture, was observed with serum CRP overall among pregnant women. Urinary mono-3-carboxypropyl phthalate and monocarboxyisooctyl phthalate were positively associated with serum IL-6 (β [95 % CI] per 1-SD increase in log-transformed, SG-adjusted concentrations: 0.09 [0.01, 0.16] and 0.09 [0.02, 0.17], respectively). Besides, urinary mono-isobutyl phthalate was positively associated with serum IL-6 among women with a pre-pregnancy BMI ≥25 kg/m
conclusionsOur findings suggest that women with a higher pre-pregnancy BMI may be more vulnerable to the effects of certain phthalates on maternal inflammation reflected by IL-6.
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