Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40402367›Full record

ArticleJournal of patient-reported outcomes2025

Translation, cross-cultural adaptation, and validation of the Norwegian version of the Keratoconus Outcomes Research Questionnaire.

Eilin Lundanes, Svein Magne Roten, Helle Kristine Falkenberg, Lena Leren, Vibeke Sundling

Abstract readValidation Study
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Journal of patient-reported outcomes, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors.

Eilin LundanesNational Centre for Optics, Vision and Eye Care, Department of Optometry, Radiography and Lighting Design, Faculty of Health and Social Sciences, University of South-Eastern Norway, Hasbergsvei 36, Kongsberg, 3616, Norway. eilin.lundanes@usn.no.ORCID http://orcid.org/0009-0000-3872-5531
Svein Magne RotenNational Centre for Optics, Vision and Eye Care, Department of Optometry, Radiography and Lighting Design, Faculty of Health and Social Sciences, University of South-Eastern Norway, Hasbergsvei 36, Kongsberg, 3616, Norway.
Helle Kristine FalkenbergNational Centre for Optics, Vision and Eye Care, Department of Optometry, Radiography and Lighting Design, Faculty of Health and Social Sciences, University of South-Eastern Norway, Hasbergsvei 36, Kongsberg, 3616, Norway.
Lena LerenNational Centre for Optics, Vision and Eye Care, Department of Optometry, Radiography and Lighting Design, Faculty of Health and Social Sciences, University of South-Eastern Norway, Hasbergsvei 36, Kongsberg, 3616, Norway.
Vibeke SundlingNational Centre for Optics, Vision and Eye Care, Department of Optometry, Radiography and Lighting Design, Faculty of Health and Social Sciences, University of South-Eastern Norway, Hasbergsvei 36, Kongsberg, 3616, Norway.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

purposeTo translate and adapt the Keratoconus Outcomes Research questionnaire (KORQ) to Norwegian language, culture, and environment, and to validate the translated version in a Norwegian population with keratoconus.

methodsKORQ was translated to Norwegian using a multi-step methodology. Persons with keratoconus submitted responses to KORQ-NO and NEI VFQ-25 through a digital platform, and a retest of KORQ-NO was performed over the telephone. Additional data from a clinical intervention study was included. The psychometric properties of KORQ-NO were assessed by Rasch analysis. Test-retest reliability, construct validity, and responsiveness were explored by Intraclass Correlation Coefficients, Spearman correlations and Wilcoxon Signed-rank test.

resultsKORQ-NO and NEI VFQ-25 were completed by 165 participants with keratoconus. With few adjustments, the "Activity limitations" (AL) and "Symptoms" (S) subscales of KORQ-NO exhibit acceptable psychometric properties with good model fit, high internal reliability, and well-targeted items to the population. Deletion of four items (AL3, AL3b, AL12, AL15) improved dimensionality of the "Activity limitations" subscale. Differential item functioning was present in two items (AL4 and AL6). Participants and optometrists confirmed content validity, and KORQ-NO exhibited good test-retest reliability (AL ICC = 0.90 and S ICC = 0.81), construct validity, and responsiveness.

conclusionsSuccessful translation and adaptation of KORQ to Norwegian language, culture and environment was confirmed by acceptable psychometric properties, with good validity, reliability, and responsiveness. The authors support the use of KORQ-NO in research, clinical practice, and as documentation for national insurance benefit applications.

Indexed as

KeratoconusPatient Reported Outcome MeasuresAdultCross-Cultural ComparisonFemaleHumansMaleMiddle AgedNorwayPsychometricsQuality of LifeReproducibility of ResultsSurveys and QuestionnairesTranslatingTranslationsYoung AdultCross-cultural adaptationKeratoconus outcomes research questionnaireRasch analysisReliabilityTranslationValidity

Identifiers

PMID40402367
PMCPMC12098238

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.