Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40402252›Full record

ArticleMedical microbiology and immunology2025

Streptococcal pyrogenic exotoxin a induces regulatory T cells via TNF-α-TNFR2 signaling.

Chun-Hao Lu, Jason Ma, Ming-Chieh Lin, Cheng-Jang Wu, Chieh-Ying Kuo, Chuan Chiang-Ni, Ming-Ling Kuo

Abstract read
PubMed Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Medical microbiology and immunology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
2citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

2 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. [Analysis of the Characteristics of the Oral Virome in Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Fatty Liver Disease].Sichuan da xue xue bao. Yi xue ban = Journal of Sichuan University. Medical science edition · 2026
    Article
  2. T cells in Group AFrontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2026
    Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors.

Chun-Hao Lu *Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, 259 Wen-Hwa 1st Road, Kwei-Shan, Taoyuan, Taiwan.
Jason Ma *Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, 259 Wen-Hwa 1st Road, Kwei-Shan, Taoyuan, Taiwan.
Ming-Chieh LinInstitute of Molecular Medicine, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.
Cheng-Jang WuDivision of Biological Sciences, University of California, La Jolla, San Diego, CA, USA.
Chieh-Ying KuoDepartment of Microbiology and Immunology, Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, 259 Wen-Hwa 1st Road, Kwei-Shan, Taoyuan, Taiwan.
Chuan Chiang-NiDepartment of Microbiology and Immunology, Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, 259 Wen-Hwa 1st Road, Kwei-Shan, Taoyuan, Taiwan.
Ming-Ling KuoDepartment of Microbiology and Immunology, Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, 259 Wen-Hwa 1st Road, Kwei-Shan, Taoyuan, Taiwan. mingling@mail.cgu.edu.tw.

Funding

Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou CMRPD1H0241~3
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Bacterial superantigens are potent immune activators that trigger T cell proliferation and intensive release of cytokines, leading to toxic shock syndrome. Also, they impair host immune responses, increasing bacterial carriage and transmission. Several studies proposed that superantigens can induce regulatory T (Treg) cells, which may suppress immune responses against bacterial infection. However, the mechanism of Treg cell induction by superantigens is still elusive. We here demonstrated that streptococcal pyrogenic exotoxin A (SPEA) promoted human CD4

Indexed as

Bacterial ProteinsExotoxinsReceptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor, Type IISignal TransductionStreptococcus pyogenesT-Lymphocytes, RegulatoryTumor Necrosis Factor-alphaAntigen-Presenting CellsCell ProliferationCells, CulturedForkhead Transcription FactorsHumansInterleukin-2Interleukin-2 Receptor alpha SubunitLymphocyte ActivationMembrane ProteinsBacterial ProteinsExotoxinsForkhead Transcription FactorsFOXP3 protein, humanInterleukin-2Interleukin-2 Receptor alpha SubunitMembrane ProteinsReceptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor, Type IISpeA protein, Streptococcus pyogenesTNFRSF1B protein, humanTumor Necrosis Factor-alphaRegulatory T cellsSPEASuperantigenTNFR2TNF-α

Identifiers

PMID40402252

What OpenQuestion holds

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Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.