Observational studyCritical care medicine2025
Plasma Levels of Soluble ST2 Reflect Extrapulmonary Organ Dysfunction and Predict Outcomes in Acute Respiratory Failure.
Observational study in Critical care medicine, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 7 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
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Who cites it
7 citing papers in PubMed.
- Improving inter-rater reliability in radiographic edema scoring in acute respiratory failure through structured training and expert feedback.ATS scholar · 2026Article
- Quantifying diffuse airspace disease on portable chest radiographs in acute respiratory failure using the RALE score.Intensive care medicine experimental · 2026Article
- Risk heterogeneity within hypoinflammatory acute respiratory failure: continuous probabilities identify high-risk patients masked by binary classification.Intensive care medicine · 2026Article
- Microbial lung-to-blood translocation associates with systemic inflammation in severe pneumonia: evidence from paired plasma and lower respiratory tract metagenomics.Intensive care medicine experimental · 2026Article
- Clinical Phenotyping in Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome: Steps Towards Personalized Medicine.Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Article
- The authors reply.Critical care medicine · 2025Article
- Plasma-Based Endotypes in Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome Identify High-Risk Patients With Extrapulmonary Disease: Why Looking Outside the Lung Compartment Enriches for Nonpulmonary Morbidity and Mortality.Critical care medicine · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
32 authors.
Funding
Abstract
objectivesSoluble ST2 (sST2), a decoy receptor for the alarmin interleukin-33 (IL-33), has been implicated in adverse clinical outcomes in acute respiratory failure (ARF). We evaluated sST2 distribution across diverse cohorts of patients with different etiologies of ARF, compared plasma and lower respiratory tract (LRT) concentrations, and examined associations with individual organ dysfunction, biological subphenotypes, and outcomes.
designObservational study.
settingMulticenter cohorts of ARF patients. PATIENTS: A total of 1432 ARF patients, including 863 non-COVID and 569 COVID-19 cases, from five cohorts.
interventionsNone. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN
resultssST2 levels were measured in plasma and LRT specimens (when available) and analyzed for associations with ARF etiology, severity, organ dysfunction, systemic host response, subphenotypes, and 30-day mortality. Plasma sST2 levels were higher in non-COVID ARF patients compared with COVID-19 patients ( p < 0.05) and were markedly elevated compared with LRT levels (> 19-fold), with weak intercompartmental correlation. Elevated plasma sST2 levels were associated with extrapulmonary organ dysfunction and a hyperinflammatory ARF subphenotype but not with respiratory indices, including hypoxemia. Plasma sST2 independently predicted 30-day mortality in pooled cohort data, adjusted for age, sex, and illness severity. In longitudinal measurements, nonsurvivors had persistently elevated plasma sST2 levels in the first 2 weeks of critical illness compared with survivors.
conclusionsPlasma sST2 levels independently predict outcomes in ARF and are strongly associated with extrapulmonary organ dysfunction. The weak correlation between plasma and LRT sST2 levels suggests a predominantly systemic source. These findings highlight the potential of the IL-33/ST2 axis as a therapeutic target and warrant further investigation into its role in multiple organ dysfunction in ARF.
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