Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40401956›Full record

ArticleMicrobiology spectrum2025

A vaccine revertant of highly pathogenic porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus: re-emergence after lurking for 12 years.

Weixin Wu, Lin Lin, Zian Ye, Ruoning Hou, Qiongqiong Zhou, Lei Zhou, Hanchun Yang

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Microbiology spectrum, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors.

Weixin WuNational Key Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China.ORCID 0000-0002-0734-3247
Lin LinNational Key Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China.
Zian YeNational Key Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China.
Ruoning HouCollege of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China.
Qiongqiong ZhouNational Key Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China.
Lei ZhouNational Key Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China.ORCID 0000-0002-8837-3965
Hanchun YangNational Key Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China.ORCID 0000-0003-3359-3925

Funding

2115 Talent Development Program of CAUChina Agricultural Research System CARS-35National Key Research and Development Program of China 2024YFD1800503Open Fund of the international Joint Research Center of National Animal Immunology 2025IJRCNAI01
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) is an economically important pathogen for the global pork industry. Modified live virus (MLV) vaccines are widely used for PRRSV prevention and control. However, MLV vaccines can still infect hosts and replicate in the target cells, increasing the risk of virus recombination and reversion to virulence. Recently, a highly pathogenic PRRSV strain appeared in December 2024, causing severe outbreaks on a PRRSV-negative pig farm in Yunnan, China. The isolated strain exhibited 99.4%-99.5% nucleotide similarity to the historical JXA1-R vaccine-derived revertant isolated in 2012, despite the farm never using JXA1-R vaccines. Ten unique amino acid mutations confirmed that this strain was a revertant derived from JXA1-R vaccines, which reverted to cause an outbreak in 2012 and vanished for 12 years.IMPORTANCECurrently, there is a relative consensus that porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome modified live virus (PRRS MLV) has the highest protective efficacy against the genetically homologous virus, compared with commercially available killed vaccines or other kinds of vaccines under development. However, risks of virulence reversion remain in such live vaccines. This case reveals the unpredictable risks of live-attenuated vaccines. The findings underscore the inherent flaws in highly pathogenic PRRSV MLV vaccines, emphasizing the need for safer vaccine designs. The re-emergence of that revertant draws our attention to its source, and the similar mutation site compared with 12 years ago could indicate key nucleotide sites for the reversion of virulence of this strain.

Indexed as

Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory SyndromePorcine respiratory and reproductive syndrome virusViral VaccinesAnimalsChinaDisease OutbreaksGenome, ViralMutationPhylogenySwineVaccines, AttenuatedVirulenceVaccines, AttenuatedViral Vaccinesoutbreakporcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virusvaccinevirulence reversion

Identifiers

PMID40401956
PMCPMC12210977

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.