Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40401744›Full record

ArticleScandinavian journal of work, environment & health2025

Capturing occupational risk of airborne disease: An international job-exposure matrix based on five exposure factors.

Karen M Oude Hengel, Susan Peters, Zara A Stokholm, Alex Burdorf, Anjoeka Pronk, Henrik A Kolstad, Martie van Tongeren, Ioannis Basinas, Vivi Schlünssen

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Scandinavian journal of work, environment & health, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

9 authors.

Karen M Oude HengelNetherlands Organisation for Applied Scientific Research TNO, Unit Healthy Living and Work, Postbus 3005, 2301 DA Leiden, The Netherlands. karen.oudehengel@tno.nl.
Susan Peters
Zara A Stokholm
Alex Burdorf
Anjoeka Pronk
Henrik A Kolstad
Martie van Tongeren
Ioannis Basinas
Vivi Schlünssen

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

objectiveThis study aimed to construct a job-exposure matrix (JEM) for the risk of being infected by infectious agents through airborne or droplet transmission in an occupational setting, which might lead to a respiratory disease.

methodsAn established COVID-19-JEM formed the basis for the development of the general airborne infectious agents JEM. Nine researchers in occupational epidemiology from three European countries (Denmark, The Netherlands and the United Kingdom) discussed and agreed on which factors from the COVID-19-JEM were relevant and whether new factors or adjustments of risk levels were needed. Adjustments to the COVID-19 JEM were made in a structured iterative. based on an expert assessment, a JEM on solar ultraviolet radiation (UVR) exposure including information on hours per day working inside, and national data on hours per week on site. Finally, a risk score was assigned to all factors for each job title within the International Standard Classification of Occupations system 2008 (ISCO-08).

resultsThis airborne infectious agents JEM contains five factors: (i) hours spent per week on site, (ii) hours spent per day working inside, (iii) number and (iv) nature of contacts, and (v) being in close physical contact to others. Per occupation, a risk score ranging from 1 (low risk) to 3 (high risk) was provided for all five factors separately.

conclusionThis newly developed infectious agents JEM assesses the risk at population level using five factors. Following validation, this JEM could serve as a valuable tool in future studies investigating the role of work in the occurrence of a respiratory disease.

Indexed as

COVID-19Occupational ExposureEuropeHumansNetherlandsRisk AssessmentRisk FactorsSARS-CoV-2Ultraviolet RaysUnited Kingdom

Identifiers

PMID40401744
PMCPMC12415715

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.