Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40401687›Full record

ArticleMedical education2025

Associations between daily wellness behaviours and outcomes among medical students: A longitudinal nightly survey study.

Ankrish Milne, Alexandra Novelli, Carly Watson, Hakeem Yousef, William E Copeland, Leigh Ann Holterman, Lee Rosen, Yang Bai, Azilee Curl, Samuel Pasqualoni and 3 more

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Medical education, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

13 authors.

Ankrish MilneLarner College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA.ORCID 0000-0003-1761-1011
Alexandra NovelliLarner College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA.
Carly WatsonLarner College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA.
Hakeem YousefLarner College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA.
William E CopelandVermont Center for Children, Youth, and Families, Burlington, VT, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-1348-7781
Leigh Ann HoltermanOffice of Medical Education, Larner College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA.
Lee RosenDepartment of Psychiatry, Larner College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA.
Yang BaiDepartment of Health and Kinesiology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA.
Azilee CurlDepartment of Psychiatry, Larner College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-4330-4798
Samuel PasqualoniDepartment of Psychiatry, Larner College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA.ORCID 0009-0009-8277-2082
Stephen KirbyDepartment of Psychiatry, Larner College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA.
Xi Xi Halvorson-PhelanDepartment of Psychiatry, Larner College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA.
James HudziakVermont Center for Children, Youth, and Families, Burlington, VT, USA.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundPrevious research on medical student wellbeing has examined single wellness-related behaviours in isolation and relied on cross-sectional or pre-post surveys. The objective of this study was to use daily, app-based surveys to examine which wellness behaviours have the strongest associations with positive wellbeing in a medical student sample.

methodsA total of 213 medical students willing to participate were enrolled in this study during summer 2021. Participants completed nightly surveys on a novel smartphone app, which assessed eight wellness-related indicators (e.g., social interaction, sleep, exercise, nutrition) and four wellbeing outcomes (mood, focus, stress, overall wellbeing). Both same-day and next-day associations between indicators and outcomes were assessed.

resultsOf the 213 participants enrolled, 116 completed more than 50% of nightly surveys, providing 7043 observations over 3 months. All wellbeing outcomes varied significantly within a given week, with peak stress and lowest mood and wellbeing levels at the midweek mark. In cross-sectional/same-day analyses, quality of social interactions, sleep quality and nutrition had the strongest associations with same-day outcomes. The cumulative impact of engaging in these wellness indicators was equal to a one standard deviation higher score on same-day wellbeing and mood outcomes. In longitudinal/next-day analyses, quality of social interactions and sleep quality had the strongest associations with outcomes, but the associations were generally modest compared to same-day results.

conclusionsA specific set of daily wellness behaviours may have substantial associations with mood, wellbeing and other positive outcomes, but the carryover of these behaviours to the next day is limited. Medical schools should test interventions that target multiple wellness activities and find ways to prompt these behaviours daily.

Indexed as

Health BehaviorStudents, MedicalAdultCross-Sectional StudiesExerciseFemaleHumansLongitudinal StudiesMaleMobile ApplicationsSleepSleep QualitySocial InteractionStress, PsychologicalSurveys and QuestionnairesYoung Adult

Identifiers

PMID40401687
PMCPMC12242896

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.