Trial reportStroke2025
Biofeedback Training for 3-Dimensional Finger Force Control to Improve Upper Limb Function Poststroke: An RCT.
Trial report in Stroke, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT03995069 (Novel Training Environment to Normalize Altered Finger Force Direction Post Stroke), which is not on this map. Cited by 1 paper.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Novel Training Environment to Normalize Altered Finger Force Direction Post Stroke
Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed.
- Bilateral transcutaneous auricular nerve stimulation promotes motor function recovery after stroke: A randomized controlled trial.Therapeutic advances in neurological disorders · 2026Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
14 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundAfter stroke, impairment of hand sensorimotor control leads to improperly scaled and directed fingertip forces that disrupt object manipulation. The objective of this study was to determine the efficacy of finger force magnitude and direction training using 3-dimensional versus 1-dimensional biofeedback to enhance poststroke upper extremity motor recovery.
methodsA double-blind randomized controlled trial took place in the Veterans Affairs laboratory from 2020 to 2023. Forty-five stroke survivors were randomly assigned to the experimental or control group. Both groups received 18 training sessions to generate digit force in the target magnitude and direction. The experimental group trained with visual feedback on the digit force magnitude in 3 dimensions. The control group trained with 1-dimensional visual feedback on the digit force magnitude along the target direction only. The primary outcome was the change in upper extremity function assessed using the Action Research Arm Test post-intervention.
resultsBaseline characteristics were comparable between the groups (mean age, 59 years, 60% male, 40% Black people). The change between pretraining and posttraining Action Research Arm Test scores was significantly greater for the experimental group than for the control group (experimental mean, 3.5 [CI, 2.2-4.8] versus control mean, 0.8 [CI, -0.5 to 2.1];
conclusionsForce direction feedback led to improved upper extremity motor recovery in stroke survivors. This biofeedback-based treatment may provide the needed explicit training in force direction control for more effective hand rehabilitation. REGISTRATION: URL: https://www.clinicaltrials.gov; Unique identifier: NCT03995069.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.