Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40401367›Full record

ArticleNanomedicine (London, England)2025

Rationally designed anti-autophagy nanosystems for reversing the immunosuppressive network in the tumor environment.

Bo-Dou Zhang, Xi Chen, Jing-Yun Su, Shao-Hua Zhuo, Lang Zhao, Jun-Jun Wu, Wen-Hao Li, Tian-Yang Wang, Ling Liu, Tao Yang and 3 more

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Nanomedicine (London, England), 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
2citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

2 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Review
  2. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

13 authors.

Bo-Dou ZhangKey Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry and Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), Department of Chemistry, Center for Synthetic and Systems Biology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.
Xi ChenZhili College, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.
Jing-Yun SuKey Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry and Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), Department of Chemistry, Center for Synthetic and Systems Biology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.
Shao-Hua ZhuoKey Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry and Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), Department of Chemistry, Center for Synthetic and Systems Biology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.
Lang ZhaoKey Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry and Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), Department of Chemistry, Center for Synthetic and Systems Biology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.
Jun-Jun WuKey Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry and Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), Department of Chemistry, Center for Synthetic and Systems Biology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.
Wen-Hao LiKey Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry and Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), Department of Chemistry, Center for Synthetic and Systems Biology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.
Tian-Yang WangKey Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry and Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), Department of Chemistry, Center for Synthetic and Systems Biology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.
Ling LiuPeking University First Hospital, Beijing, China.
Tao YangKey Laboratory of Digestive Disease & Organ Transplantation in Shanxi Province, The First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China.
Li-Jun YangKey Laboratory of Digestive Disease & Organ Transplantation in Shanxi Province, The First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China.
Yu-Fen ZhaoKey Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry and Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), Department of Chemistry, Center for Synthetic and Systems Biology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.
Yan-Mei LiKey Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry and Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), Department of Chemistry, Center for Synthetic and Systems Biology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

aimsTo develop a nano-immunotherapy system combining autophagy inhibition and innate immune activation to reverse the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME) in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). MATERIALS &

methodsThe pH-responsive polymer PC7A was utilized to co-deliver the autophagy inhibitor chloroquine (CQ) and the STING agonist cyclic diguanylate (CDG), forming the CQCP nanosystem. In vitro and in vivo experiments evaluated autophagy inhibition, MHC-I expression, dendritic cell activation, tumor infiltration of lymphocytes, and survival in PDAC-bearing mice.

resultsCQCP enhanced MHC-I expression on PDAC cells by 2.1-fold (

conclusionsThe CQCP system synergistically reverses PDAC immunosuppression by restoring antigen presentation and activating innate immunity. This dual-targeted strategy demonstrates robust antitumor efficacy and offers a promising immunotherapy approach for PDAC.

Indexed as

AutophagyCarcinoma, Pancreatic DuctalChloroquineNanoparticlesPancreatic NeoplasmsTumor MicroenvironmentAnimalsCD8-Positive T-LymphocytesCell Line, TumorDendritic CellsFemaleHumansImmunity, InnateImmunotherapyMiceChloroquineBlocking autophagyCDGCQimmune activationreversal of immune tolerance

Identifiers

PMID40401367
PMCPMC12143676

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.