Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40401347›Full record

ArticleAngewandte Chemie (International ed. in English)2025

Taxonomy of Chemical Bondings: Opportunities and Challenges.

Andrea Pizzi, Giancarlo Terraneo, Cristina Lo Iacono, Roberta Beccaria, Arun Dhaka, Giuseppe Resnati

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Angewandte Chemie (International ed. in English), 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 15 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
15citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

15 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Expansion of the Metal-Involving Noncovalent Interaction Repertoire: The Case of Pd(II) and Pt(II) Triel Bonding.Chemphyschem : a European journal of chemical physics and physical chemistry · 2026
    Article
  3. Article
  4. Article
  5. Article
  6. Article
  7. Review
  8. Article
  9. Article
  10. Article
  11. Interactional Features of (RO)Angewandte Chemie (International ed. in English) · 2025
    Article
  12. Article
  13. Article
  14. Article
  15. Taxonomy of Chemical Bondings: Opportunities and Challenges.Angewandte Chemie (International ed. in English) · 2025
    Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors.

Andrea PizziNFMLab, Department of Chemistry, Materials, Chemical Engineering "Giulio Natta", Politecnico di Milano, Via Mancinelli 7, Milano, 20131, Italy.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4180-9151
Giancarlo TerraneoNFMLab, Department of Chemistry, Materials, Chemical Engineering "Giulio Natta", Politecnico di Milano, Via Mancinelli 7, Milano, 20131, Italy.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1225-2577
Cristina Lo IaconoNFMLab, Department of Chemistry, Materials, Chemical Engineering "Giulio Natta", Politecnico di Milano, Via Mancinelli 7, Milano, 20131, Italy.ORCID https://orcid.org/0009-0008-2197-8581
Roberta BeccariaNFMLab, Department of Chemistry, Materials, Chemical Engineering "Giulio Natta", Politecnico di Milano, Via Mancinelli 7, Milano, 20131, Italy.ORCID https://orcid.org/0009-0009-6574-3271
Arun DhakaNFMLab, Department of Chemistry, Materials, Chemical Engineering "Giulio Natta", Politecnico di Milano, Via Mancinelli 7, Milano, 20131, Italy.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4130-5364
Giuseppe ResnatiNFMLab, Department of Chemistry, Materials, Chemical Engineering "Giulio Natta", Politecnico di Milano, Via Mancinelli 7, Milano, 20131, Italy.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0797-9296

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

The concept of the chemical bond is fundamental to chemistry, governing atomic interactions that define all known matter. Despite this central role, the classification and most convenient naming of chemical bonds remain subjects of debate due to the diverse theoretical models and experimental observations. Modelings from quantum mechanical calculations and heuristic principles from experimental observations offer valuable and complementary insights, but sometimes the match and coalescence of these different approaches into a common terminology is not immediate. This paper describes a hierarchical categorization of noncovalent interactions based on the electrophilic atom involved, aligning with IUPAC definitions of hydrogen bonding (HB), halogen bonding (HaB), chalcogen bonding (ChB), and pnictogen bonding (PnB). The resulting taxonomy may avoid some ambiguities that arise from naming interactions based on single chemical/physical features. The proposed categorization that moves from more general and comprehensive terms to more specific and descriptive terms may ensure clarity, comprehensiveness, consistency with periodic trends, and invariancy over evolving understanding of the chemical bonds so that findings can be communicated and stored effectively via both human and machine based protocols.

Indexed as

Chemical bondsChemical interactionsNomenclatureTaxonomyTerminology

Identifiers

PMID40401347
PMCPMC12207382

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.