Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40401338›Full record

ArticleAutism : the international journal of research and practice2025

Methodological challenges and opportunities when studying the course of autism.

Vanessa Hus Bal, Peter Szatmari, Stelios Georgiades, Stephen J Gentles, Jessica Girault, Patricia Howlin, Meng-Chuan Lai, Virginia Carter Leno, Catherine Lord, Katie Madgett and 5 more

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Autism : the international journal of research and practice, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
2citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

2 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Review
  2. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

15 authors.

Vanessa Hus BalRutgers University, USA.ORCID 0000-0003-0750-823X
Peter SzatmariUniversity of Toronto, Canada.
Stelios GeorgiadesMcMaster University, Canada.
Stephen J GentlesMcMaster University, Canada.ORCID 0000-0003-2004-1451
Jessica GiraultThe University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, USA.
Patricia HowlinKing's College, UK.
Meng-Chuan LaiUniversity of Toronto, Canada.ORCID 0000-0002-9593-5508
Virginia Carter LenoUniversity of London, UK.ORCID 0000-0002-7455-5514
Catherine LordUniversity of California, Los Angeles, USA.ORCID 0000-0001-5633-1253
Katie MadgettAutism Science Foundation, USA.
Stephen J SheinkopfUniversity of Missouri, USA.ORCID 0000-0003-3836-4339
Emily SimonoffUniversity of Cambridge, UK.ORCID 0000-0002-5450-0823
Zachary J WilliamsVanderbilt University, USA.ORCID 0000-0001-7646-423X
Lonnie ZwaigenbaumUniversity of Alberta, Canada.
Alycia HalladayRutgers University, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-8264-8753

Funding

Cellular and molecular mechanisms governing cortical surface area overgrowth in iPSC-derived neural cells from longitudinally characterized individuals with autismR01HD055741 · NICHD · UNIV OF NORTH CAROLINA CHAPEL HILL · PI Joseph Piven · 2007 to 2026
$52.6M
MEDICAL SCIENTIST TRAINING PROGRAMT32GM007347 · NIGMS · VANDERBILT UNIVERSITY · PI WILLIAMS, CHRISTOPHER S. · 1985 to 2023
$26.3M
Predicting and Otimizing Language Outcomes in Minimally Verbal Children with Autism Spectrum DisorderP50DC018006 · NIDCD · BOSTON UNIVERSITY (CHARLES RIVER CAMPUS) · PI KASARI, CONNIE L., TAGER-FLUSBERG, HELEN · 2019 to 2023
$12.3M
Neonatal Cry Acoustics and Neurobehavioral Characteristics as Early Markers of Risk for Autism Spectrum DisorderR01MH121345 · NIMH · WOMEN AND INFANTS HOSPITAL-RHODE ISLAND · PI SHEINKOPF, STEPHEN J · 2019 to 2024
$3.4M
Family caregivers in later life: A longitudinal study of well-being and mental health in families of adults with autism and developmental disabilitiesR01AG080599 · NIA · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA LOS ANGELES · PI Catherine Lord · 2023 to 2026
$2.6M
Genetic Liability for Autism and Infant Brain and Behavioral DevelopmentK01MH122779 · NIMH · UNIV OF NORTH CAROLINA CHAPEL HILL · PI GIRAULT, JESSICA BULLINS · 2020 to 2024
$919k
Investigating the Phenomenology and Physiologic Underpinnings of Decreased Sound Tolerance in Adults with Autism Spectrum DisorderF30DC019510 · NIDCD · VANDERBILT UNIVERSITY · PI WILLIAMS, ZACHARY JAMES · 2021 to 2024
$163k
Autism Science Foundation 14-100NIA NIH HHS R01 AG080599NICHD NIH HHS R01 HD055741NIDCD NIH HHS F30 DC019510NIDCD NIH HHS P50 DC018006NIGMS NIH HHS T32 GM007347NIMH NIH HHS K01 MH122779NIMH NIH HHS R01 MH121345Wellcome Trust
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Longitudinal research in autism has contributed a wealth of knowledge about etiological factors, development from childhood through adulthood, life course changes and needs, as well as longer-term adult outcomes for individuals on the spectrum and their family members. This research is essential to better understand the needs of individuals as they age. However, along with the as yet unrealized opportunities to understand an individual in more nuanced ways across time, there are challenges to utilizing this research design that should be considered. These include sample and measurement diversity, retention, outcome measures, analysis, and funding considerations. This article outlines some of the most pressing challenges together with potential solutions to maximize the value of longitudinal research designs that can help address questions that are of high priority to the autism community.Lay AbstractLongitudinal research has been critical to understand the life course of people with autism, including factors which increase the probability of an autism diagnosis, the emergence of early markers, co-occurring psychiatric conditions, predication of future educational and support needs across childhood and adulthood, and understanding what makes each person unique and contributes to the well-being of autistic people and their families. However, these studies take time, patience, investment of families and individuals, scientists and are challenging to all involved. This article will outline some of the issues that have occurred in the past and provide potential solutions to improve the quality of these studies to both the scientific and autistic communities. They include sample and measurement diversity, retention, outcome measures, analysis, and funding considerations. This understanding of the field is important for both scientific research and community engagement in the studies that include the autistic community.

Indexed as

Autistic DisorderResearch DesignAdultChildHumansLongitudinal Studiescommentarydesignlongitudinalmethodology

Identifiers

PMID40401338
PMCPMC12233197

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.