ArticleResearch and reports in urology2025
Fresh Frozen Cadavers as a Novel Training Model for Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy (PCNL).
Article in Research and reports in urology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
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Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed.
- Development of an Improved Cadaveric Training Model for Endoscopic Combined Intrarenal Surgery Using Fresh-Frozen Cadavers.International journal of urology : official journal of the Japanese Urological Association · 2026Article
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Authors and funding
19 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Introduction: This study aimed to evaluate fresh-frozen cadavers (FFC) as a novel model for percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL) training, focusing on ultrasound-guided supine PCNL. Methods: Sixteen urologists participated in a 2-day course at a tertiary center to assess the utility of an FFC model for ultrasound-guided supine PCNL. After the procedure, the participants completed a 24-question evaluation of the FFC model using a 5-point Likert scale. The questionnaire assessed tissue quality, US imaging, procedural steps, overall experience compared to live patient procedures, and suitability of the model for both basic and advanced supine PCNL training. Results: The tactile sensation, skin stiffness, and distensibility of the calyces resembled real-life scenarios as the cadavers thawed. Similarly, US quality was worse in frozen cadavers and improved after irrigation with the collection system. Valdivia-Galdakao positioning is considered more difficult than in real life, because of rigor mortis. Conclusion: FFC demonstrated robust content validity as a training model for PCNL. The model provides a realistic and effective training experience, offering a promising tool for developing critical surgical skills, while minimizing radiation exposure and procedural risks.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.