ArticleJournal of thoracic disease2025
Prognostic role of subsolid ground-glass opacity, pure ground-glass opacity, and solid nodules of the lung: a retrospective observational study.
Article in Journal of thoracic disease, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
3 citing papers in PubMed.
- Malignancy in Ground-Glass Opacity Using Multivariate Regression and Deep Learning Models: A Proof-of-Concept Study.Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Article
- Imaging Features of Lung Ground-Glass Nodules and Their Correlation With Biological Behavior.Cureus · 2025Review
- Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Background: Lung nodules can be classified as solid nodules and ground-glass opacity nodules (GGO-GGN). A GGO nodule is a radiological finding characterized by a faded opacity that may hide a preinvasive or invasive adenocarcinoma. GGOs can be divided into two categories: pure GGO (pGGN) and mixed/subsolid GGO (mGGN). The transformation of GGO into solid nodules is a strong indicator of malignancy. Current guidelines suggest a 5-year chest computed tomography (CT) follow-up (FU) for both pure and subsolid GGOs. This study aimed to analyze the prognosis of patients undergoing major lung resection at our center in relation to the radiological characteristics of the resected nodule to assess how much the nodule density in GGO may affect the prognosis. Methods: This retrospective observational study analyzed 133 patients underwent lobectomy at our center between 2010 and 2020. The nodule density was assessed by CT images, classifying into three groups according to the consolidation tumor ratio (CTR): group 1: pure GGO (pGGN; CTR <0.5, n=30); group 2: subsolid nodule (mGGN; 0.5≤ CTR <1, n=37), group 3: solid nodule (CTR =1, n=66). Overall survival (OS) was calculated from the date of surgery until death or last FU. The OS was estimated through Kaplan-Meier curves, the log-rank test was used for univariate analysis, and Cox regression was used for multivariate analysis. Values with P<0.05 were considered statistically significant. Results: Of 133 patients, the OS, 5 years after surgery and related to the nodule density, has been classified into three groups as: group 1 contained 30 patients with pure GGO nodules, with a 5-year survival rate of 96% [95% confidence interval (CI): 73-99%]; group 2 contained 37 patients with subsolid GGOs, with a 5-year survival rate of 76% (95% CI: 56-88%); group 3 contained 66 patients with solid nodules, with a 5-year survival rate of 78% (95% CI: 62-88%) with median survival time was 95 months. Multivariate analysis with age and FU lasting for over 6 months in the Cox model confirmed that density was a risk factor, with hazard ratio (HR) =8.37 (95% CI: 1.03-68.12) for group 2 Conclusions: For pure GGO long-term FU is justified, whereas surgery should be considered as the first option for subsolid nodules. This retrospective study provides a foundation for further research to better define the most appropriate approach to subsolid nodules.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.