ArticleChiropractic & manual therapies2025
Contextual factors related to aging determine force-based manipulation dosage: a prospective cross-sectional study.
Article in Chiropractic & manual therapies, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.
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Who cites it
3 citing papers in PubMed.
- Practical guide to structuring the Discussion section in clinical and epidemiological studies.Chiropractic & manual therapies · 2026Article
- From mechanotransduction to manual therapy: advances in piezo/TRP channels and lumbar degeneration.Frontiers in physiology · 2026Review
- Ten myths of back pain in older adults that can lead to ineffective and harmful care.Chiropractic & manual therapies · 2025Review
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Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundContextual factors influence clinicians' delivery of force-based manipulation (FBM), like spinal manipulative therapy (SMT). It is particularly important to discern how contextual factors interact with therapeutic forces delivered to an older adult population, to minimize risk and identify ideal dosage. This study aimed to determine whether contextual factors pertaining to aging result in the modulation of kinetic and kinematic parameters used by experienced clinicians when delivering SMT.
methodsParticipants were randomly presented with a series of 12 AI-generated patient vignettes, featuring both visual and auditory content and representing varying age-related contextual factors. Factors included chronological (35-, 65- and 85-year-old), pathological ("healthy" vs degenerative spine), and felt (perceived as "young" vs. "old") age. Participants delivered SMT to a human analogue manikin based on each vignette, presented six times in randomized order. Kinetic and kinematic parameters were collected and analyzed for differences between "young" and "old" contextual factors of age, using a 3-way repeated measures ANOVA model.
resultsSixteen licensed chiropractors (8 female, 8 male) participated, with an average age of 45.4 (SD = 9.7, range 34-64) years and 18.3 (SD = 10.8, range 5-39) years of experience. A main effect in peak force was found for both chronological (F(
conclusionContextual factors of aging modulated certain kinetic and kinematic characteristics when delivering SMT. This provides evidence that practitioners differentially discern aspects of aging to inform how they deliver FBM dosage. Future research is needed to identify ideal kinetic and kinematic characteristics based on considerations of aging.
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