Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40399973›Full record

ArticleJournal of cheminformatics2025

A resource description framework (RDF) model of named entity co-occurrences in biomedical literature and its integration with PubChemRDF.

Qingliang Li, Sunghwan Kim, Leonid Zaslavsky, Tiejun Cheng, Bo Yu, Evan E Bolton

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Journal of cheminformatics, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 5 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
5citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

5 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors.

Qingliang LiNational Center for Biotechnology Information, National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20894, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6453-236X
Sunghwan KimNational Center for Biotechnology Information, National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20894, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-9828-2074
Leonid ZaslavskyNational Center for Biotechnology Information, National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20894, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-5873-4873
Tiejun ChengNational Center for Biotechnology Information, National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20894, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4486-3356
Bo YuNational Center for Biotechnology Information, National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20894, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-3952-8921
Evan E BoltonNational Center for Biotechnology Information, National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20894, USA. bolton@ncbi.nlm.nih.gov.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5959-6190

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Named entities, such as chemicals/drugs, genes/proteins, and diseases, and their associations are not only important components of biomedical literature, but also the foundation of creating biomedical knowledgebases and knowledge graphs. This work addresses the challenges of expressing co-occurrence associations between named entities extracted from a biomedical literature corpus in a machine-readable format. We developed a Resource Description Framework (RDF) data model and integrated it into the PubChemRDF resource, which is freely accessible and publicly available. The developed co-occurrence data model was populated into a triplestore with named entities and their associations derived from text mining of millions of biomedical references found in PubMed. The utility of the data model was demonstrated through multiple use cases. Together with meta-data modeling of the references including the information about the author, journal, grant, and funding agency, this data model allows researchers to address pertinent biomedical questions through SPARQL queries and helps to exploit biomedical knowledge in various user perspectives and use cases.

Indexed as

Data modelingLinked dataPubChemPubChemRDFRDFSemantic webSPARQLTriplestore

Identifiers

PMID40399973
PMCPMC12096534

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.