ArticleBMC cardiovascular disorders2025
Trends in the global, regional, and national burden of cardiovascular diseases attributed to high systolic blood pressure from 1990 to 2021 and projections to 2045: a systematic analysis based on GBD 2021 data.
Article in BMC cardiovascular disorders, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 8 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
8 citing papers in PubMed.
- Impact of cocoa flavanols on blood pressure and vascular function: an updated systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.The journal of nutrition, health & aging · 2026Article
- Projected cardiovascular mortality attributable to extreme temperatures under climate scenarios in Taiyuan, China.iScience · 2026Article
- Global, Regional, and National Burden of Stroke Attributable to High Systolic Blood Pressure in Adults Aged 45 Years and Above From 1990 to 2021, with Projections to 2045: A Systematic and Comprehensive Analysis of the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021.Archives of Iranian medicine · 2026Article
- High systolic blood pressure and stroke: evidence from the NHANES 1999-2023 and global burden of disease 2021.Experimental biology and medicine (Maywood, N.J.) · 2026Article
- Association between noise pollution perception and prevalence of cardiovascular disease in a Chinese adult population: a cross-sectional study based on the CGSS 2021 cardiovascular disease dataset.Frontiers in public health · 2026Article
- Retrospective cohort study assessing cardiovascular risk reduction through intensive blood pressure management in high-risk patients.Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine · 2026Article
- Hypertension Prevalence Among People Lifted Out of Poverty in China in 2018-2023: Retrospective Spatiotemporal Analysis.JMIR public health and surveillance · 2025Article
- Global burden of four cardiovascular diseases attributable to low fruits and vegetables intake, 1990-2021, with a forecast to 2044.Frontiers in nutrition · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
10 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundCardiovascular disease (CVD) remains the leading cause of death and disability worldwide, and high systolic blood pressure (HSBP) is considered among its most critical modifiable risk factors. This study analyzed the temporal trends of the global burden of CVD attributed to HSBP from 1990 to 2021, examined its relationships with age, period, and birth cohort, and projected future trends to 2045.
methodsThe study employed a joinpoint regression model to evaluate the temporal trends of CVD burden attributed to HSBP from 1990 to 2021 and used an Age-Period-Cohort (APC) model to analyze the effects of age, period, and cohort. Additionally, a Bayesian Age-Period-Cohort (BAPC) model was applied to project the disease burden trends up to 2045.
resultsFrom 1990 to 2021, the absolute number of deaths and DALYs (disability-adjusted life years) of CVD attributed to HSBP increased significantly. However, the age-standardized mortality rate (ASMR) and age-standardized DALY rate (ASDR) showed a consistent declining trend. The study highlights significant regional differences, with the disease burden increasing most markedly in regions with a middle Socio-Demographic Index (SDI) and decreasing most significantly in high SDI regions. Additionally, the study revealed gender differences, with the decline in ASMR and ASDR was more pronounced in females, while males exhibited a higher overall disease burden than females. Projections from the BAPC model indicate that from 2022 to 2045, the absolute number of deaths and DALYs will continue to rise, while ASMR and ASDR will decline further.
conclusionsThis study conducted a comprehensive analysis of CVD attributed to HSBP globally, highlighting significant sex, age, and regional differences in disease burden as well as their temporal trends. The findings underscore the importance of targeted prevention strategies, particularly for high-risk populations. This study provides valuable insights for policymakers to formulate effective interventions to reduce the global disease burden.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.