ArticleGenes & nutrition2025
Arjunolic acid inhibits Wnt3a-mediated macrophage M2 polarization to suppress osteosarcoma progression.
Article in Genes & nutrition, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- From mechanism to therapy: advances in macrophage polarisation and targeted intervention in osteosarcoma.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Pooled it
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Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundOsteosarcoma (OS) is a bone tumor characterized by a high recurrence rate and poor prognosis. Arjunolic acid (AA), the most abundant triterpene component in Cyclocarya paliurus, is reported to have anti-tumor effects. Its specific role in OS is still unknown, which we aim to investigate in our study.
methodsAn OS mouse model was established to investigate the effects of AA. Subsequently, M2 macrophages and M0 macrophages pretreated with AA were co-cultured with OS cells. The impact of AA on OS cell behavior (proliferation, apoptosis, migration, and invasion) was evaluated via EdU staining, flow cytometry, and Transwell assays. Concurrently, the expression of M1- and M2-associated genes (CD86, CD163, IL-6, Arg1) was quantified to assess AA's regulatory role in macrophages within the tumor microenvironment (TME). Knockdown or overexpression of Wnt3a in AA-treated M0 macrophages to determine whether AA modulates Wnt3a-mediated M2 polarization, which was further validated in vivo.
resultsIn vivo, AA inhibited tumor progression in OS mice. Concurrently, AA-treated macrophages inhibited OS cell malignant behavior, and AA inhibited OS cell-mediated macrophage M2-type polarization. Mechanistically, AA inhibits the malignant behavior of OS cells and inhibits tumor progression in OS mice by suppressing Wnt3a-mediated macrophage M2 polarization. Additionally, AA-induced macrophage conversion to a pro-inflammatory phenotype in the TME of OS mice.
conclusionOur experiment demonstrated that AA from Cyclocarya paliurus inhibits Wnt3a-mediated M2 macrophage polarization to suppress the progression of osteosarcoma, providing a pharmacological foundation for developing therapies against OS.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.