Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40399684›Full record

ArticleNature2025

A foundation model for the Earth system.

Cristian Bodnar, Wessel P Bruinsma, Ana Lucic, Megan Stanley, Anna Allen, Johannes Brandstetter, Patrick Garvan, Maik Riechert, Jonathan A Weyn, Haiyu Dong and 8 more

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Nature, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 33 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
33citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

33 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
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  4. Review
  5. Article
  6. Article
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  11. Article
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  14. Weather forecasts become more important for reducing mortality as the climate warms.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2026
    Article
  15. Article
  16. Article
  17. Article
  18. Article
  19. Review
  20. Unlocking the benefits of transparent and reusable science for climate risk management.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2026
    Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

18 authors.

Cristian Bodnar *Microsoft Research, AI for Science, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
Wessel P Bruinsma *Microsoft Research, AI for Science, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
Ana Lucic *Microsoft Research, AI for Science, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
Megan Stanley *Microsoft Research, AI for Science, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
Anna Allen *University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
Johannes BrandstetterMicrosoft Research, AI for Science, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
Patrick GarvanMicrosoft Research, AI for Science, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
Maik RiechertMicrosoft Research, AI for Science, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-3299-1382
Jonathan A WeynMicrosoft Corporation, Redmond, WA, USA.
Haiyu DongMicrosoft Corporation, Redmond, WA, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0009-0008-0986-8339
Jayesh K GuptaSilurian AI, Kirkland, WA, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4742-9942
Kit ThambiratnamMicrosoft Corporation, Redmond, WA, USA.
Alexander T ArchibaldUniversity of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
Chun-Chieh WuNational Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.
Elizabeth HeiderMicrosoft Research, AI for Science, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
Max WellingMicrosoft Research, AI for Science, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
Richard E TurnerMicrosoft Research, AI for Science, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-0066-0984
Paris PerdikarisMicrosoft Research, AI for Science, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. pgp@seas.upenn.edu.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-2816-3229

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Reliable forecasting of the Earth system is essential for mitigating natural disasters and supporting human progress. Traditional numerical models, although powerful, are extremely computationally expensive

Identifiers

PMID40399684
PMCPMC12119322

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.