Performance evaluation of cementitious composites by designing an extrusion system for construction 3D printing.

Shivashankarayya Hiremath, Gururaj Shrishail Mathapati, Dundesh S Chiniwar, H M Vishwanatha

Abstract read

In one paragraph

Article in Scientific reports, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

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2 · The registry

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4 · The record

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5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

4 authors.

Shivashankarayya HiremathDepartment of Mechatronics, Manipal Institute of Technology, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, 576104, India.

Gururaj Shrishail MathapatiFreshot Robotics Pvt. Ltd., Bangalore, Karnataka, 560076, India.

Dundesh S ChiniwarDepartment of Mechatronics, Manipal Institute of Technology, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, 576104, India. dundesh.sc@manipal.edu.

H M VishwanathaDepartment of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Manipal Institute of Technology, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, 576104, India. vishwanatha.hm@manipal.edu.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

The advancement of construction 3D printing (C3DP) relies heavily on optimizing the material formulation and hardware configuration. This study reports the development of a customized extrusion system-comprising a hopper, auger, and interchangeable nozzles- designed for use with locally sourced, cost-effective cementitious composites. A series of composite mixes were evaluated, with the CSSAW mix (cement, fine sand, fine soil, admixture, and water) exhibiting superior printability, achieving a slump height of 27 cm after 30 min and maintaining structural integrity across 11 printed layers. Compared to the baseline CSW mix, CSSAW showed a 92.8% improvement in flowability and a threefold enhancement in shape retention. Optimization of printing parameters, including a speed of 25 mm/s and layer height of 10 mm, further improved interlayer adhesion and surface quality. The rectangular nozzle was found to enhance deposition consistency and print stability. The findings establish a practical framework for deploying C3DP in real-world construction setups using sustainable materials and scalable extrusion systems.

Indexed as

Cementitious compositeComputer-aided designConstruction 3D printerExtrusion systemInfrastructureSlump height

Identifiers

PMID40399419

DOI10.1038/s41598-025-02860-9

PMCPMC12095579

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LicenceCC BY

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.