Trial reportClinical implant dentistry and related research2025
Impact of Smoking on Macrophage-Related Chemokines During Initial Peri-Implantitis: A Prospective Cohort Study.
Trial report in Clinical implant dentistry and related research, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT06810401 (Impact of Smoking on Macrophage-Related Chemokines During Initial Peri-implantitis), which is not on this map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Impact of Smoking on Macrophage-Related Chemokines During Initial Peri-implantitis
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6 authors.
Funding
Abstract
objectivesSmoking disrupts macrophage chemokine response and delays healing. This study aims to investigate the effect of smoking on peri-implant crevicular fluid (PICF) levels of macrophage-related chemokines, C-C motif chemokine ligand 2 (CCL-2), C-C motif chemokine ligand 8 (CCL-8), C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 9 (CXCL-9), and C-C motif ligand 3 (CCL-3), before and after non-surgical treatment of initial peri-implantitis.
methodsFifty-five implants (27 non-smoking [NSPI] and 28 smoking [SPI]) with initial peri-implantitis (bleeding on probing [BOP+], probing pocket depth [PPD] of 6-7 mm) were included in the study. Clinical parameters were recorded, and PICF samples were collected before and 4 months after non-surgical treatment. PICF concentrations of CCL-2, CCL-8, CCL-3, and CXCL-9 were measured with Luminex assay. The Mann-Whitney U-test, Wilcoxon signed-rank test, and repeated measures analysis of variance test were used to analyze differences between and within the groups.
resultsBaseline CCL-2 (p < 0.001) and CXCL-9 (p = 0.026) levels (pg/30 s) were significantly lower in smokers compared to non-smokers, while no difference was observed for CCL-3 between the two groups (p = 0.320). Only CCL-2 levels (pg/30 s) decreased in the NSPI group in response to non-surgical treatment (p = 0.037).
conclusionSmoking disturbs the expressions of macrophage-related chemokines in the early phase of peri-implantitis. These findings may indicate the impaired control of infection during initial peri-implantitis and explain the accelerated progression of the disease in smokers. This study was not registered prior to participant recruitment.
trial registrationhttps://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT06810401.
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